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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children with and without obesity
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Vol. 144. Issue 5.
Pages 198-203 (March 2015)
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Vol. 144. Issue 5.
Pages 198-203 (March 2015)
Original article
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children with and without obesity
Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en niños con obesidad y sin ella
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86
Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmána,
Corresponding author
pao_nkiller@yahoo.com.mx

Corresponding author.
, Aralia Berenice Salgado-Bernabéa, José Francisco Muñoz Valleb, Amalia Vences-Velázqueza, Isela Parra-Rojasa
a Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
b Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Anthropometric, clinical and metabolic characteristic in Mexican children.
Table 2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in Mexican children.
Table 3. Prevalence of the number of metabolic syndrome components in Mexican children.
Table 4. Metabolic syndrome component groups in children with normal weight and with obesity.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Childhood obesity is considered the main risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS components and its main defining combinations in a sample of school children with and without obesity.

Patients and methods

A total of 225 children aged 6–12 years, 106 obese and 119 with normal weight were included. MetS was defined by the presence of 3 or more of the following: obesity as a body mass index95th percentile, fasting glucose100mg/dl, triglycerides150mg/dl, high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c)<40mg/dl and systolic and diastolic blood pressure95th percentile.

Results

We found MetS components in both groups. Most frequent abnormalities in the obese group included increased levels of HDL-c, triglycerides, fasting glucose and total cholesterol, while increased levels of glucose and total cholesterol, and lower HDL-c levels predominated in the normal weight group. The prevalence of MetS in the obese group was 44.3% and, in normal weight children, it was 0.84%. The 3 main components that defined the MetS in the obese group were obesity/triglycerides/HDL-c (34.0%), obesity/glucose/triglycerides/HDL-c (29.8%) and obesity/glucose/HDL-c (14.9%), while the only combination observed in the normal weight group was glucose/HDL-c/triglycerides.

Conclusion

A percentage of 44.3 of obese school children had MetS, and dyslipidemia showed to be strong determinants of MetS. Although the prevalence of MetS was low in children with normal weight, one third of them showed one of the components of MetS.

Keywords:
Metabolic syndrome
Prevalence
Obesity
Children
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

La obesidad infantil es el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico (SM) durante la infancia, adolescencia y vida adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los componentes del SM, y de las principales combinaciones que lo definen, en una muestra de niños escolares con y sin obesidad.

Pacientes y métodos

Un total de 225 niños con edades entre 6 y 12 años, 106 con obesidad y 119 con peso normal, fueron incluidos. El SM fue definido por la presencia de 3 o más de los siguientes componentes: índice de masa corporalpercentil 95, glucosa en ayunos100mg/dl, triglicéridos150mg/dl, colesterol unido a high density lipoproteins (HDL, «lipoproteínas de alta densidad»)<40mg/dl, presión arterial sistólica y diastólicapercentil 95.

Resultados

En ambos grupos analizados se encontraron componentes del SM. En el grupo con obesidad, el colesterol HDL, los triglicéridos, la glucosa en ayunos y el colesterol total fueron las alteraciones más frecuentes; en los de peso normal predominó el incremento en los valores de glucosa, colesterol total y disminución de colesterol HDL. La prevalencia de SM en niños con obesidad fue del 44,3%, y en niños de peso normal, del 0,84%. Las 3 principales combinaciones que definieron el SM en niños obesos fueron: obesidad/triglicéridos/colesterol HDL (34,0%); obesidad/glucosa/triglicéridos/colesterol HDL (29,8%) y obesidad/glucosa/colesterol HDL (14,9%); en el grupo con peso normal: glucosa/colesterol HDL/triglicéridos.

Conclusión

El 44,3% de los niños escolares con obesidad presentaron SM; las dislipidemias mostraron ser fuertes determinantes del SM. Aunque en los niños con normopeso la prevalencia es baja, la tercera parte presentó al menos uno de los componentes del SM.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico
Prevalencia
Obesidad
Niños

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