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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Kidney involvement in MELAS syndrome: Description of 2 cases
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Vol. 148. Issue 8.
Pages 357-361 (April 2017)
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Vol. 148. Issue 8.
Pages 357-361 (April 2017)
Clinical report
Kidney involvement in MELAS syndrome: Description of 2 cases
Afección renal en el síndrome de MELAS: descripción de 2 casos
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752
Pau Alcubilla-Pratsa, Manel Soléb, Albert Boteya, Josep Maria Grauc,d, Glòria Garraboud,e, Esteban Pocha,
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epoch@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
a Servei de Nefrologia i Trasplantament Renal, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servei de Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
e Cellex, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Summary of the pathological findings in patients with mutations in mitochondrial DNA and renal involvement reported in the literature.
Abstract
Introduction

MELAS syndrome – myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes – is a maternally-inherited mitochondrial cytopathy related to several mitochondrial DNA mutations, with the A3243G mutation in tRNALeu gene being the most frequent of them.

Patients and methods

Apart from its typical symptomatology, patients usually exhibit a maternally-inherited history of neurosensory deafness and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have shown that few patients carrying a A3243G mutation also suffer from renal dysfunction, usually in form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).

Results

In this study we examine kidney involvement in 2 unrelated patients with a A3243G mutation by genetic testing. Both have a maternally-inherited neurosensory deafness and insulin-dependent T2DM. A renal biopsy was performed in both patients. One patient developed nephrotic proteinuria and renal insufficiency, with FSGS findings being observed in the kidney biopsy, whereas the other suffered from mild proteinuria and renal insufficiency, with non-specific glomerular changes.

Conclusion

The presence of FSGS or other kidney involvement accompanied by hereditary neurosensory deafness and T2DM could be suggestive of a A3243G tRNALeu mutation and should prompt a genetic testing and an evaluation of potential extrarenal involvement.

Keywords:
A3243G mutation
Mitochondrial cythopathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Chronic kidney disease
Resumen
Introducción

El síndrome MELAS –miopatía, encefalopatía, acidosis láctica y episodios similares a ictus – es una citopatía mitocondrial relacionada con varias mutaciones del ADN mitocondrial, siendo la substitución A3243G en el gen tARNLeu la más frecuentemente asociada.

Pacientes y métodos

Aparte de su sintomatología habitual, los pacientes presentan historia de sordera neurosensorial y diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Además, estudios recientes muestran que algunos pacientes tienen también afección renal, normalmente en forma de glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (GFS).

Resultados

En este artículo se discute la afección renal de 2 pacientes no emparentados portadores de la mutación A3243G. Los 2 presentan sordera neurosensorial y DM2. Se realizó estudio anatomopatológico en ambos. Uno de ellos desarrolló proteinuria en rango nefrótico e insuficiencia renal terminal, con cambios de GFS en la biopsia, mientras que el otro presentaba proteinuria leve e insuficiencia renal, sin cambios histológicos reseñables en la microscopia óptica.

Conclusión

La presencia de GFS u otra afección glomerular o tubular renal, acompañada de sordera neurosensorial y DM2, podría ser indicativa de la existencia de la mutación A3243G y estos hallazgos deberían propiciar un estudio genético y una evaluación de posible afección extrarrenal.

Palabras clave:
Mutación A3243G
Citopatía mitocondrial
Glomeruloesclerosis focal segmentaria
Insuficiencia renal crónica

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