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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Impact of restarting anticoagulation on the outcome of patients with intracerebr...
Journal Information
Vol. 165. Issue 2.
(July 2025)
Original article
Impact of restarting anticoagulation on the outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and atrial fibrillation
Impacto del reinicio de anticoagulación en la evolución de pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral y fibrilación auricular
Óscar Úriz, Andrés García Pastor
Corresponding author
agpastor@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, Ana María Iglesias Mohedano, Fernando Díaz Otero, Pilar Vázquez Alén, Yolanda Fernández Bullido, Marta Vales Montero, Antonio Carmelo Gil Núñez
Sección de Neurología Vascular-Centro de Ictus, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Article information
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics.
Tables
Table 2. Cumulative event rates over two years of follow-up. Comparison between patients treated with vitamin K antagonists and DOACs.
Tables
Table 3. Factors associated with intracerebral haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke and mortality during follow-up. Bivariate and multivariate Cox logistic regression analyses.
Tables
Table 4. Factors associated with any haemorrhage (intracerebral or extracerebral) or any event (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) during follow-up. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.
Tables
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Abstract
Introduction

The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after an intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. We analysed the cumulative rates of ICH, ischaemic stroke (IS) and mortality in a cohort of patients with ICH + AF and compared them according to the treatment chosen.

Methods

Retrospective single-centre study of patients with ICH + FA. Patients were classified into two groups: "no anticoagulation restart" (non-AR) and "anticoagulation restart" (AR). The primary endpoint was the cumulative rate of ICH, IS, any intra/extracranial bleeding (AB), any ischaemic or haemorrhagic episode (AE) or death during 2 years of follow-up.

Results

117 patients included, non-AR group: 63 patients (53.8%), AR: 54 (46.5%). Mean age 79.4 years (SD 7.9), 73 males (62.4%). No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the 2 groups. Mortality (30 days after ICH) was 31.8% and higher in non-AR vs AR group: 48% vs 19.5% (p = 0.001). The cumulative ICH rate was 10.9% and AB 18%, with no difference between AR and non-AR. The IS rate was 8.3%, higher in the non-AR group (18.1 vs 2.1%, p = 0.010). The AE rate was 25.4% and higher in the non-RA group (35.9% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.022). Non-AR was an independent factor for increased risk of death (HR 5.38 (95%CI 2.30−12.56) and AE: HR 6.16 (1.87−20.25).

Conclusions

Patients with ICH + FA are at an increased risk of death or IS or new ICHs. AR does not increase the risk of rebleeding while non-AR is associated with an increased risk of IS and death.

Keywords:
Intracranial hemorrhage
Atrial fibrilation
Oral anticoagulation
Vitamin K antagonists
Direct oral anticoagulants
Prevention
Mortality
Resumen
Introducción

El tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) tras una hemorragia intracraneal (HIC) es controvertido. Analizamos las tasas acumuladas de HIC, ictus isquémicos (IS) y mortalidad de una cohorte de pacientes con HIC + FA, y las comparamos según el tratamiento elegido.

Métodos

Estudio unicéntrico retrospectivo de pacientes con HIC + FA. Los pacientes se clasificaron en dos grupos: “no reinicio de anticoagulación” (No-RA) y “reinicio de anticoagulación” (RA). El objetivo principal fue la tasa acumulada de HIC, IS, cualquier sangrado intra/extracraneal (CS), cualquier episodio isquémico o hemorrágico (CE) o muerte durante 2 años de seguimiento.

Resultados

117 pacientes incluidos, grupo No-RA: 63 pacientes (53,8%), RA: 54 (46,5%). Edad media 79,4 años (DE 7,9), 73 varones (62,4%). No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características basales entre los 2 grupos. La mortalidad (pasados 30 días de la HIC) fue 31,8% y mayor en grupo no-RA vs RA: 48% vs 19,5% (p = 0,001). Las tasas acumuladas de HIC fue 10,9% y de CS 18%, sin diferencias entre RA y no-RA. La tasa de IS fue 8,3%, mayor en el grupo no-RA (18,1 vs 2,1%, p = 0,010). La tasa de CE fue 25,4% y mayor en el grupo no-RA (35,9% vs 17,7%, p = 0,022). No-RA fue factor independiente de mayor riesgo de fallecer (HR 5,38 (IC95% 2,30−12,56) y de sufrir CE: HR 6,16 (1,87−20,25).

Conclusión

Los pacientes con HIC + FA tienen elevado riesgo de fallecer o sufrir IS o nuevas HICs. RA no aumenta el riesgo de nuevos sangrados mientras no-RA asocia mayor riesgo de IS y fallecimiento.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia intracerebral
Fibrilación auricular
Anticoagulación oral
Antagonistas de la vitamina K
Anticoagulantes orales directos
Prevención
Mortalidad

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