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Vol. 145. Issue 4.
Pages 153-159 (August 2015)
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Vol. 145. Issue 4.
Pages 153-159 (August 2015)
Original article
Genetic and environmental contributions to body mass index in a Spanish adolescent twin sample
Influencias genéticas y ambientales sobre el índice de masa corporal en una población española adolescente gemelar
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Carmen Iranzo-Tataya,
Corresponding author
iranzotatay@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Natalia Gimeno-Clementeb, Lorenzo Livianos-Aldanaa,c,d, Luis Rojo-Morenoa,c,d
a Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Grupo de investigación Psiquiátrica, Sección de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
c Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
d Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of the twin sample (No.=1168).
Table 2. Sample characteristics: nutritional status, underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity (No.=1168).
Table 3. Descriptive statistics and intra-pair correlation in BMI.
Table 4. Goodness of fit indexes of the models obtained in the data analysis for BMI phenotype, and proportions of the phenotype variance explained by A, C and E in each model.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Twin and family studies support large genetic influences on variability in body mass index (BMI), with heritability estimates ranging from 47% to over 90%. Our objective was to study the relative contributions of genetics and environment to BMI, evaluating sex differences, in an adolescent twin sample from Valencia, Spain.

Material and methods

Five hundred eighty-four pairs of adolescent twins between 13 and 18 years of age completed the study (82 monozygotic [MZ] and 87 dizygotic [DZ] pairs of male twins, 118 MZ and 102 DZ pairs of female twins, and 195 opposite-sex pairs of DZ twins). To determine zygosity, teachers responded a questionnaire on physical similarity. They also measured the participant's height and weight. BMI was calculated and weight status was determined according to age. We used twin models to assess genetic and environmental (common and unique) factors affecting BMI.

Results

There was a 7.1% frequency of overweight and 2.8% of obesity. The estimated heritability of BMI was 88.0% in boys and 72.1% in girls, with the remaining variance attributable to non-shared environment in boys (12.0%) and 8.8% in girls. It was only in girls that common environment had an effect on BMI.

Conclusions

Genetics appears to play an important role in explaining the variability in BMI in the adolescence, with slight variations between boys and girls. Common environmental factors exert their influence on BMI only in girls.

Keywords:
Body mass index
Weight status
Adolescents
Twins
Genetics
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

Los estudios familiares y gemelares han demostrado que los factores genéticos son responsables del 47–90% de la variancia interindividual del índice de masa corporal (IMC). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar los factores genéticos y ambientales que contribuyen a las diferencias en el IMC, y en función del sexo, en una muestra gemelar de escolares de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Material y método

Quinientas ochenta y cuatro parejas de gemelos de 13 a 18 años de edad completaron el estudio: 82 parejas monocigóticas (MC) y 87 dicigóticas (DC) varones, 118 (MC) y 102 (DC) mujeres, y 195 parejas (DC) de sexo opuesto. Para determinar la cigosidad, los profesores rellenaron un cuestionario de similitud física y pesaron y tallaron a los participantes. Se calculó el IMC y se estableció el estado nutricional según la edad. Se llevó a cabo una modelización del IMC que permitió establecer los componentes genéticos y ambientales (comunes y específicos) de su variancia.

Resultados

Se observó un 7,1% de sobrepeso y un 2,8% de obesidad. La heredabilidad del IMC se estimó en un 88% en niños y en un 72,1% en niñas. Los factores ambientales específicos explicaron el resto de la variancia del IMC (en niños el 12% y en niñas el 8,8%). Solo en las niñas apareció una contribución de los factores ambientales comunes.

Conclusiones

La influencia genética sobre el IMC es intensa durante la adolescencia, con ligeras variaciones en función del sexo, siendo solo las niñas vulnerables a las influencias ambientales comunes.

Palabras clave:
Índice de masa corporal
Estado nutricional
Adolescentes
Gemelos
Genética

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