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Vol. 148. Issue 7.
Pages 291-296 (April 2017)
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Vol. 148. Issue 7.
Pages 291-296 (April 2017)
Original article
Evaluation of the effect of an intervention on the nutritional status of hospitalized patients
Evaluación del efecto de una intervención en el estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados
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Isabel Miguel Montoyaa,
Corresponding author
demiguel_@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Rafael Ortí Lucasb, Esperanza Ferrer Ferrándiza, David Martín Baenac, Raimunda Montejano Lozoyaa
a Escuela de Enfermería La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
b Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Área de Desigualdades en Salud, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Distribution of patients by nursing units.
Table 2. Score obtained with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form 5 days after admission and at discharge in the 2 established groups.
Table 3. Association between nutritional status 5 days after admission and at discharge in relation to the established groups.
Table 4. Association between hospital stay and the established groups.
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Abstract
Background and objectives

To compare the nutritional status of a population of hospitalized patients, divided into 2 different groups, both at admission and hospital discharge, and to assess the influence of nutritional alteration during the hospital stay.

Material and methods

Quasi-experimental study comprising 2 groups of patients (N=581): an intervention group (n=303), in which nurses received specific training on managing care methodology, and a control group (n=278), in which nurses continued their usual dynamics. Each group was made up of 2 care units with patients from both surgical and medical specialties. Inclusion criteria: patients admitted to the selected units with a minimum stay of 5 days. The sample selection was performed prospectively and consecutively after implementing the training.

Results

Of the 581 patients studied, 49.4% were women and 50.6% were men. Mean patient age was 68.29 (SD 16.23) years. In the intervention group, the odds ratio (OR) associated with good nutritional status was multiplied by 1.7 (OR=1.67) compared to the control group in the first evaluation and by 1.4 times (OR=1.43) at hospital discharge. The average stay in days was higher in the control group (13.71, SD 10.19) than in the intervention group (10.89, SD 7.49) (p<0.001).

Conclusion

The systematic methodology-based intervention in the chosen units was positive. Patients admitted to the intervention units had a lower nutritional alteration and a shorter hospital stay than those admitted to the control units.

Keywords:
Nutritional assessment
Nursing intervention
Hospitalized patients
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivos

Comparar el estado nutricional de una población de pacientes hospitalizados distribuidos en 2 grupos diferentes, tanto al ingreso como al alta hospitalaria y evaluar la influencia de la alteración nutricional en la estancia hospitalaria.

Material y métodos

Estudio cuasiexperimental formado por 2 grupos de pacientes (N=581): un grupo de intervención (n=303), en el que las enfermeras responsables recibieron formación específica en metodología de cuidados y otro de control (n=278), en el que las enfermeras siguieron su dinámica habitual. Cada grupo estaba compuesto por 2 unidades de cuidados con pacientes tanto de especialidades médicas como quirúrgicas. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes ingresados en las unidades elegidas con una estancia mínima de 5 días. La selección de la muestra se realizó de manera prospectiva y consecutivamente tras realizar la acción formativa.

Resultados

De los 581 pacientes estudiados, el 49,4% eran mujeres y el 50,6% hombres, con una edad media de 68,29 (DT 16,23) años. En el grupo intervención, la odds ratio (OR) asociada a un buen estado nutricional se multiplicaba por 1,7 veces (OR=1,67) respecto al grupo control en la primera evaluación y por 1,4 veces (OR=1,43) al alta. La estancia media en días resultó mayor en el grupo control (13,71, DT 10,19) que en el grupo intervención (10,89, DT 7,49) (p<0,001).

Conclusión

La intervención basada en metodología sistematizada en las unidades intervenidas resultó positiva. Los pacientes ingresados en ellas presentaron una menor alteración nutricional y una menor estancia hospitalaria que los ingresados en las unidades control.

Palabras clave:
Evaluación nutricional
Intervención enfermera
Pacientes hospitalizados

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