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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A case-control study
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Vol. 162. Issue 2.
Pages 49-55 (January 2024)
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Vol. 162. Issue 2.
Pages 49-55 (January 2024)
Original article
Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A case-control study
Diabetes y apnea obstructiva del sueño. Un estudio de casos y controles
Romina Abelleiraa,
Corresponding author
abelleiraparis@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Carlos Zamarróna, Vanessa Riveiroa, Ana Casala, María E. Toubesa, Carlos Rábadea, Jorge Ricoya, Adriana Lamaa, Nuria Rodríguez-Núñeza, Lucía Ferreiroa,b, Luis Valdésa,b,c
a Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
b Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Neumología, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Article information
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Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Demographic characteristics, reported symptoms and comorbidities of the sample.
Table 2. Baseline polygraph characteristics.
Table 3. Diabetes and pre-diabetes correlation with OSA severity level.
Table 4. Demographic characteristics, symptoms and nocturnal respiratory polygraph data of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Table 5. Demographic characteristics, symptoms and nocturnal respiratory polygraph data of patients with prediabetes.
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Abstract
Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are very prevalent diseases frequently associated. Their coexistence is independently associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities. As this association is underdiagnosed, it is necessary to optimise clinical suspicion by studying independent predictors of DM or prediabetes (preDM) in patients with OSA.

Methods

A simple randomised case-control study, matched for sex, body mass index (BMI) and age, aimed to study the association of OSA with DM and preDM and to identify independent predictors for both diseases in people with OSA.

Results

We included 208 cases with OSA and 208 controls without OSA. In the former, 18.8% had DM compared to only 10.1% in the latter (p = 0.00). Prevalence of preDM was 41.8% vs 10.6%, respectively (p = 0.00). One hundred and twenty-four cases (59.6%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (Epworth scale, 10.5 ± 3.1) vs 24.5% of the control group (Epworth scale, 6.6 ± 2.9). Apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and O2 desaturation indices (IDO, CT90 and CT80) were significantly higher in the case group. The risk of MD was related to age, nocturnal hypoxaemia and EDS. The risk of pre-MD was related to BMI and AHI.

Conclusions

OSA is associated with DM and preDM. Age, nocturnal hypoxaemia and EDS are predictors of DM. BMI and AHI are predictors of pre-MD.

Keywords:
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Type 2 diabetes
Prediabetes
Resumen
Introducción

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) y la diabetes mellitus (DM) son enfermedades muy prevalentes frecuentemente asociadas. Su coexistencia se asocia de forma independiente con un aumento de la prevalencia de comorbilidades cardiovasculares. Al existir un infradiagnóstico de esta asociación, es necesario optimizar la sospecha clínica mediante el estudio de predictores independientes de DM o prediabetes (preDM) en pacientes con AOS.

Métodos

Estudio de casos y controles, seleccionados de manera aleatoria simple y emparejados por sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y edad, que pretende estudiar la asociación del AOS con la DM y la preDM e identificar factores predictores independientes para ambas enfermedades, en las personas con AOS.

Resultados

Incluimos 208 casos con AOS y 208 controles, sin AOS. En los primeros, un 18,8% tenían DM por solo 10.1% en los segundos (p = 0.00). La prevalencia de preDM fue 41,8% vs el 10,6%, respectivamente (p = 0,00). Ciento veinticuatro casos (59,6%) refirieron excesiva somnolencia diurna (ESD) (escala Epworth, 10,5 ± 3,1) vs 24,5% del grupo control (escala Epworth, 6,6 ± 2,9). El índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH) y los índices de desaturación de O2 (IDO, CT90 y CT80) fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de casos. El riesgo de presentar DM se relacionó con la edad, hipoxemia nocturna y ESD. El riesgo de presentar preDM, con el IMC y con el IAH.

Conclusiones

El AOS se asocia a la DM y a la preDM. La edad, la hipoxemia nocturna y la ESD son predictores de DM. El IMC y el IAH lo son de la preDM.

Palabras clave:
Apnea obstructiva del sueño
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Prediabetes

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