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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Burning mouth syndrome and associated factors: A case–control retrospective st...
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Vol. 148. Issue 4.
Pages 153-157 (February 2017)
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Vol. 148. Issue 4.
Pages 153-157 (February 2017)
Original article
Burning mouth syndrome and associated factors: A case–control retrospective study
Síndrome de boca ardiente y factores asociados: estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles
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Eduardo Chimenos-Küstnera,
Corresponding author
echimenos@ub.edu

Corresponding author.
, Fiorella de Luca-Monasteriosb, Mayra Schemel-Suárezb, María E. Rodríguez de Rivera-Campillob, Alejandro M. Pérez-Pérezc, José López-Lópeza
a Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Campus Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
c Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test for the continuous variables considered: age of the patient (Age) and time of evolution of the BMS (Evol. Time) for the whole sample and by sex groups (the time of evolution of the disease was not studied in the control group).
Table 2. Yates’ corrected χ2 tests of association between BMS and the studied pathogenic factors. The Yates’ χ2statistic, p-value, and odd ratio are shown for the overall (All) sample. The analysis by sex groups only show odds ratios and significances.
Table 3. Generalized logistic linear model predicting BMS from main environmental factors.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) can be defined as burning pain or dysesthesia on the tongue and/or other sites of the oral mucosa without a causative identifiable lesion. The discomfort is usually of daily recurrence, with a higher incidence among people aged 50–60 years, affecting mostly the female sex and diminishing their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between several pathogenic factors and burning mouth syndrome.

Patients and methods

736 medical records of patients diagnosed of burning mouth syndrome and 132 medical records for the control group were studied retrospectively. The study time span was from January 1990 to December 2014. The protocol included: sex, age, type of oral discomfort and location, among other factors.

Results

Analysis of the association between pathogenic factors and BMS diagnosis revealed that only 3 factors showed a statistically significant association: triggers (p=.003), parafunctional habits (p=.006), and oral hygiene (p=.012). There were neither statistically significant differences in BMS incidence between sex groups (p=.408) nor association of BMS with the pathogenic factors of substance abuse (p=.915), systemic pathology (p=.685), and dietary habits (p=.904).

Conclusions

Parafunctional habits like bruxism and abnormal movements of tongue and lips can explain the BMS main symptomatology. Psychological aspects and systemic factors should be always considered. As a multifactorial disorder, the treatment of BMS should be executed in a holistic way.

Keywords:
Anxiety
Bruxism
Burning mouth
Pain
Syndrome
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

El síndrome de boca ardiente (SBA) puede definirse como ardor o disestesia en la lengua y/u otras áreas de la mucosa bucal, en ausencia de lesiones que puedan justificarlo. Su incidencia es mayor en pacientes de sexo femenino, de edades comprendidas entre 50 y 60 años. Estas molestias suelen recurrir diariamente, provocando un deterioro de la calidad de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre diversos factores patogénicos y el SBA.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron de forma retrospectiva 736 historias clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados de SBA y 132 historias clínicas de pacientes control. El período de estudio se extendió desde enero de 1990 a diciembre de 2014. El protocolo incluyó: sexo, edad, tipo de molestia bucal y localización, entre otras variables.

Resultados

El análisis de la asociación entre los factores patogénicos y el diagnóstico de SBA mostró significación estadística en solo 3 de ellos: factores desencadenantes (p=0,003), hábitos parafuncionales (p=0,006) e higiene oral (p=0,012). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la incidencia del SBA por sexos (p=0,408), ni asociación entre el SBA y los factores de abuso de sustancias (p=0,915), patología sistémica (p=0,685) y hábitos alimentarios (p=0,904).

Conclusiones

Los hábitos parafuncionales como el bruxismo y los movimientos anormales de la lengua y labios pueden explicar la sintomatología del SBA. Hay que tener siempre en cuenta los aspectos psicológicos y los factores sistémicos. Como alteración de carácter multifactorial que es, el tratamiento del SBA debe enfocarse de manera holística.

Palabras clave:
Ansiedad
Bruxismo
Ardor bucal
Dolor
Síndrome

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