Información del artículo
Resumen
Existe la impresión generalizada de que las situaciones vitales estresantes influyen en el curso clínico de una amplia variedad de enfermedades gastrointestinales, entre las que se encuentra la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Sin embargo, la demostración causal de esta asociación resulta compleja y los resultados obtenidos en estudios clínicos son discordantes. En los últimos años, la utilización de modelos experimentales de estrés en animales de laboratorio ha proporcionado una sólida evidencia acerca de las consecuencias fisiopatológicas del estrés en el tubo digestivo así como de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que subyacen a la relación entre el estrés físico y/o psicológico y las enfermedades gastrointestinales. En el caso de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, la marcada disfunción de barrera intestinal relacionada principalmente con el incremento de la permeabilidad epitelial paracelular inducida por estrés podría ser responsable, al menos en parte, de la reactivación y del incremento de la gravedad de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal que se ha observado en varios modelos experimentales de estrés.
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Barrera intestinal
Mastocitos
Células epiteliales intestinales
CRF
PPARgamma
Abstract
There is a widespread impression that stressful life situations influence the clinical course of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, demonstrating a causal relationship is complex and the results obtained in clinical studies are contradictory. In the last few years, the use of experimental stress models in laboratory animals have provided solid evidence of the physiopathological effects of stress on the digestive tract as well as of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the association between physical and/or psychological stress and gastrointestinal disorders.
In inflammatory bowel disease, the marked intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is mainly related to the stress-induced increase in paracellular epithelial permeability, could be partially responsible for the reactivation and increase in the severity of inflammatory bowel disease observed in various experimental stress models.
Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease
Intestinal barrier
Mastocytes
Intestinal epithelials cells
CRF
PPARgamma
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