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Vol. 34. Núm. S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 35-42 (Enero 2011)
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Vol. 34. Núm. S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 35-42 (Enero 2011)
Enfermedades relacionadas con el ácido
Acceso a texto completo
Avances en patología gastrointestinal relacionada con el tratamiento con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y antiagregantes plaquetarios
Advances in gastrointestinal diseases related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet agents
Visitas
4298
Ángel Lanas Arbeloa
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Zaragoza, I+CS, CIBERehd, Zaragoza, España
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Resumen

La publicación del estudio CONDOR ha supuesto el avance más importante y reciente en el campo de las lesiones gastrointestinales por antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE). Este estudio señala que el tratamiento con celecoxib 200 mg/12 h se asocia a una menor frecuencia de efectos adversos clínicamente significativos que la combinación de diclofenaco 75 mg/12 h + omeprazol 20 mg/día cuando se evalúa todo el tracto digestivo en pacientes con artritis y factores de riesgo gastrointestinal. Otros estudios de interés señalan que la mayor parte de los pacientes con artrosis presenta factores de riesgo gastrointestinal y cardiovascular, y que en el 50% de éstos la prescripción no se realiza de acuerdo a las recomendaciones actuales. Los estudios epidemiológicos más recientes confirman que el ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), solo o combinado con otros agentes antiplaquetarios, aumenta el riesgo de hemorragia gastrointestinal alta y baja, y que la asociación con inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) reduce el riesgo de hemorragia digestiva alta. Los datos más recientes cuestionan una interacción negativa de IBP con clopidogrel, pero en general los estudios son todavía de calidad baja. En el campo de la innovación terapéutica destaca la aparición de nuevos agentes que reducen el riesgo de lesiones inducidas por AINE, como la cobipostrona, un activador local de los canales de cloro, o el nuevo compuesto que asocia AAS con fostatidilcolina, que induce menos lesiones gástricas con igual actividad antiplaquetaria que AAS sola.

Palabras clave:
Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos
Ácido acetilsalicílico
Clopidogrel
Inhibidores de la bomba de protones
Celecoxib
Hemorragia gastrointestinal
Abstract

The most important and recent advance reported in the field of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated gastrointestinal (GI) lesions is the CONDOR study. This study shows that treatment with celecoxib 200 mg/12 hours is associated with a lower frequency of clinically significant adverse effects throughout the GI tract when compared with treatment with diclofenac 75 mg/12 hours + omeprazole 20 mg/day in at-risk patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Other studies of interest report that most arthritis patients requiring NSAIDs are at increased GI and cardiovascular risk and that more than 50% do not receive appropriate therapy based on current recommendations. Recent epidemiological studies confirm that aspirin use, alone or associated with other antiplatelet agents, is associated with increased risk of GI bleeding from either the upper or the lower GI tract, and that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce the risk of upper GI bleeding. The most recent data also question the negative interaction between PPI and clopidogrel, but the data are still generally of low quality. A notable new compound is cobiprostone, a local chloride channel activator. When combined with NSAIDs, this agent reduces the occurrence of gastric lesions. Another new agent that combines aspirin with phosphatidylcholine is associated with a lower degree of gastroduodenal mucosal damage than aspirin and has identical antiplatelet effect to aspirin alone.

Keywords:
Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Aspirin
Celecoxib
Proton pump inhibitors
Clopidogrel
Gastrointestinal bleeding
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