Información del artículo
Resumen
El presente artículo realiza una revisión de diferentes estudios que analizan la incidencia y etiología de trastornos emocionales en la población de cáncer de mama y su tratamiento psicológico. Existe coincidencia en calificar de adaptativas las reacciones que las pacientes exhiben durante el proceso de enfermedad, si bien en un porcentaje de casos pueden alcanzar valor patológico. La vulnerabilidad mayor se daría en personas con edad inferior a 45 años, con una historia psiquiátrica y con estrategias de afrontamiento desadaptativas e inflexibles, como la claudicación y resignación. Para algunos de estos casos se han demostrado especialmente útil determinados tratamientos psicológicos. Por un lado, las intervenciones psicoeducativas reducen la incertidumbre y proporcionan recursos para afrontar los tratamientos médicos, por otro, las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas refuerzan los vínculos sociales, facilitan la expresión de las emociones y abordan cuestiones existenciales comunes al enfermo de cáncer.
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