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Vol. 50. Núm. 7.
Páginas 289-296 (Julio 2003)
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Vol. 50. Núm. 7.
Páginas 289-296 (Julio 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Receptores ectópicos y anómalos en el síndrome de Cushing adrenal: implicaciones clínicas
Ectopic and abnormal hormone receptors in adrenal cushing's syndrome: clinical consequences
Visitas
7372
C. Blanco
Autor para correspondencia
cblanco@eresmas.net

Correspondencia: Dra. C. Blanco. Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Ctra. Alcalá-Meco, s/n. Alcalá de Henares. 28805 Madrid. España.
Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Universidad de Alcalá. Madrid. España
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El síndrome de Cushing independiente de corticotropina (ACTH) en general es secundario a un adenoma o carcinoma adrenal unilateral, y raramente a hiperplasia adrenal bilateral. La producción de cortisol en el síndrome de Cushing adrenal, en el que la ACTH está suprimida, clásicamente se ha considerado autónoma. Sin embargo, algunos tumores, y más frecuentemente la hiperplasia macronodular bilateral, pueden tener receptores de membrana ectópicos o anómalos, que regulan la esteroidogénesis imitando los eventos desencadenados por la activación del receptor de ACTH. In vivo se han documentado casos clínicos en los que estaban involucrados receptores ectópicos para el polipéptido inhibidor gástrico, agonistas betaadrenérgicos y LH/hCG. En otros casos estaban involucrados receptores eutópicos, presentes en el tejido adrenal normal, como los receptores de la vasopresina y serotonina, pero con una función anormal. Los receptores ectópicos o anómalos permiten la estimulación de las células adrenales por un factor trófico que no está regulado negativamente por los glucocorticoides, estimulando la esteroidogénesis y, posiblemente, la proliferación celular. La mayoría de los receptores anormales o ectópicos pertenecen a la familia de receptores acoplados a la proteína G y activan la esteroidogénesis mediante la estimulación de la adenilato ciclasa. La identificación de estos receptores ofrece la posibilidad de tratamiento farmacológico del síndrome de Cushing como alternativa a la cirugía.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Cushing
Hiperfunción adrenal
Receptores
Hidrocortisona/ secreción

ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome is usually secondary to unilateral adrenal adenomas or carcinomas and rarely to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Cortisol production in adrenal Cushing's syndrome, when ACTH is suppressed, has traditionally been considered as autonomous. However, some tumors, and most frequently adrenal glands with bilateral macronodular hyperplasia, may express ectopic or abnormal receptors that regulate steroidogenesis by mimicking the events triggered by ACTH receptor activation. In vivo, cases of ectopic receptors responsive to gastric inhibitory polypeptide, β-adrenergic agonists and LH/hCG have been demonstrated. A similar outcome can result from abnormal activity of eutopic receptors, present in normal adrenal tissue, such as those for vasopressin or serotonin. The presence of ectopic or abnormal receptors allows adrenal cell stimulation by a trophic factor not negatively regulated by glucocorticoids, leading to increased steroidogenesis and possibly to tumor cell proliferation. Most ectopic or abnormal hormone receptors in adrenal Cushing's syndrome belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and activate steroidogenesis by stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. The identification of these receptors provides the possibility of pharmacological treatment of hypercortisolism as an alternative to surgery.

Key words:
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenal gland hyperfunction
Receptors
Hydrocortisone/ secretion
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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