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Vol. 48. Núm. 4.
Páginas 110-113 (Abril 2001)
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Vol. 48. Núm. 4.
Páginas 110-113 (Abril 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Effect of metformin on cardiovascular risk factors in obese type 2 diabetic patients
Efecto de la metformina en los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2
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D.A. De Luis*, L. Cuéllar, C. Terroba, R. Aller, D. Bellido, G. Piédrola, A. Becerra
Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition. Medicine School and Hospital Río Hortega. Univesity of Valladolid. Valladolid. Spain
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Background

Obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often are in poor glycaemic control. Weight gain, hyperlipidemia and hypertension accompain insulin therapy in these patients.

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on these parameters in obese type 2 diabetic patients previously treated with other therapies.

Design

A group of 78 type 2 diabetic outpatients in poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%) and overweight (BMI > 25) were analyzed prospectively. All patients were treated with metformin during three months in a step up dosage schedule. Anti-hypertensive and anti-lipid therapy remained unchanged during the study. All patients remained with the same dietary intake (1.500 calories) and exercise.

Results

A decrease in basal glucose (24.8%) (173 ± 29.8 mg/dl vs 134.8 ± 21.4 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and HbA1c levels (15.4%) (8.5 ± 1.4% vs 7.2 ± 1.1%; p < 0.001) were achieved with a decrease in the number of hypoglycaemias, dose of insulin (39%) (0.39 ± 0.12 UI/kg/day vs 0.29 ± 0.08 UI/kg/day; p < 0.005) and dose of sulfonylurea (gliclazide) (46%) (107.5 ± 119 mg/day vs 57.5 ± 92 mg/day; p < 0.001). UP to 25.6% of the patients stopped the previous drug therapy achieving good control with metformin alone (HbA1c < 6.5%). Cardiovascular risk factors improved with a significant decrease in LDL (12.9%) (147.3 ± 33.7 mg/dl vs 128.8 ± 28.6 mg/dl; p < 0.05), total cholesterol (8.5%) (224.6 ± 126.9 mg/dl vs 205.3 ± 34.5 mg/dl; p < 0.01), triglycerides levels (13.7%) (139.8 ± 57 mg/dl vs 120.1 ± 42.7 mg/dl; p < 0.001) without changes in HDL. Blood pressure improved, with a significant decrease in systolic (5%) (137.9 ± 27 mmHg vs 130.7 ± 20; p < 0.01) and diastolic (9.4%) (85 ± 10 mmHg vs 79.3 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0.01) pressure. No patient dropped out the treatment due to side effects and the weight did not change.

Conclusions

In summary, the addition of metformin improved glycaemic, lipid and blood pressure control in obese diabetic type 2 patients in por glycemic control with a low incidence of side effects.

Palabras clave:
Metformina
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Obesidad
Introducción

Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad con frecuencia presentan un mal control glucémico. El exceso de peso, la hiperlipemia y la hipertensión a menudo acompañan a la terapia con insulina en estos pacientes.

Objetivo

El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la metformina en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 previamente tratados con otras terapias hipoglucemiantes. Diseño. Se estudiaron de manera prospectiva un grupo de 78 diabéticos tipo 2 con mal control glucémico (hemoglobina glucosilada [HbA1c] > 7,5%) y sobrepeso (índice de masa corporal [IMC] > 25). Todos los pacientes recibieron metformina durante 3 meses en un esquema ascendente. La terapia antihipertensiva e hipolipemiante permaneció invariable durante el estudio; asimismo, todos los pacientes recibieron una dieta de 1.500 calorías y realizaron su programa de ejercicios habitual.

Resultados

Se alcanzó un descenso en los valores de glucosa (24,8%) (173,1 ± 29,8 mg/dl frente a 134,8 ± 21,4 mg/dl; p < 0,001) y HbA1c (15,4%) (8,5 ± 1,4% frente a 7,2 ± 1,1%; p < 0,001), con una disminución en el número de hipoglucemias y de la dosis recibida de insulina (39%) (0,39 ± 0,12 U/kg/día frente a 0,29 ± 0,08 U/kg/día; p < 0,005) y sulfonilurea (gliclazida) (46%) (107,5 ± 119 mg/día frente a 57,5 ± 92 mg/día; p < 0,01). A un 25,6% pacientes se les suspendió la medicación previa presentando un buen control glucémico sólo con metformina (HbA1c < 6,5%). Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular mejoraron, con un descenso en los valores de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) (12,9%) (147,3 ± 33,7 mg/dl frente 128,8 ± 28,6 mg/dl; p < 0,05), colesterol total (8,5%) (224,6 ± 26,9 mg/dl frente a 205,3 ± 34,5 mg/dl; p < 0,01) y triglicéridos (13,7%) (139,8 ± 57 mg/dl frente a 120,1 ± 42,7 mg/dl; p < 0,001), sin cambios en los valores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). La presión arterial mejoró, con un descenso significativo de la presión arterial sistólica (5%) (137,9 ± 27 mmHg frente a 130,7 ± 20 mmHg; p < 0,01) y diastólica (9,4%) (85 ± 10 mmHg frente a 79,3 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0,01). Durante el estudio, el peso no cambió y ningún paciente abandonó por efectos secundarios.

Conclusiones

La metformina mejora el control glucémico, lipídico y de presión arterial en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 y mal control metabólico, con una baja incidencia de efectos secundarios.

Key words:
Metformin
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Obesity
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