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Angiología Descripción de factores de riesgo cardiovascular de una muestra de pacientes co...
Información de la revista
Vol. 58. Núm. 5.
Páginas 357-368 (Enero 2005)
Vol. 58. Núm. 5.
Páginas 357-368 (Enero 2005)
Acceso a texto completo
Descripción de factores de riesgo cardiovascular de una muestra de pacientes con isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores
Descriptive study of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of patients with critical ischemia of lower limbs
Visitas
2388
D.A. de Luis-Román
Autor para correspondencia
dadluis@yahoo.es

Dr. Daniel A. de Luis Román. Director IEN. Perales, 16. E-47130Simancas (Valladolid).
, H. Fernández-Ovalle, A. Almaraz-Gómez, E. Romero, E. Puras-Mallagray
Instituto de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid, España
Unidad de Cirugía Vascular Fundación Hospital Alcorcón Alcorcón, Madrid, España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Describir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de la población intervenida por arteriesclerosis grave de miembros inferiores.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio observacional durante un período de dos años, comprendido entre enero de 1999y diciembre del 2000, con 330 pacientes intervenidos por enfermedad ateroesclerótica grave de miembros inferiores, con isquemia crítica.

Resultados

La edad media fue de 74,78 ± 10,35 años; la edad de las mujeres fue mayor (78,88 ± 10,45 años) que la de los hombres (73,7 ± 10,07) (p < 0,0001), con una distribución por sexos de 261 hombres (79,1%) y 69 mujeres (20,9%). Si analizamos el porcentaje de pacientes obesos (índice de masa corporal ≥ 30), observamos unaprevalencia del 12,2% de obesidad. El 37,4% de la población (n = 123) presentaba hipertensión arterial y sólo fue tratado el 63,4%. El 59,9% (n = 178) de la población del estudio mostraba dislipemia. Los niveles medios de glucosa plasmática fueron de 121,9 ± 55,8mg/dL; el 42,4% (n = 140) de la población padecía diabetes mellitus y todos eran diabéticos de tipo 2. El 35,2% de los pacientes de nuestro estudio manifestaba dolor en reposo (estadio clínico III) y el 64,8% mostraba lesiones tróficas y/o gangrena, en correspondencia con el estadio IV de Fontaine. A los pacientes con isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores se les intervino quirúrgicamente –en un intento de revascularizar los tejidos isquémicos– una media de 2,2 ± 1,7 veces.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores presentan una alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular infratratados. El tipo de cirugía depende del estadio clínico.

Palabras clave:
Arterioesclerosis
Cirugía vascular
Factores de riesgo
Isquemia crítica
Miembros inferiores
Muestra
Summary
Aim

To describe the cardiovascular risk factors of a population secondary to severe atherosclerosis in limbs.

Patients and methods

An observational study was performed during two years, from January 1999 to December 2000, with 330 patients with surgery secondary to critical ischemia of legs.

Results

The mean age was 74.78 ± 10.35 years, with a higher age in females (78.88 ± 10.45 years) than males (73.70 ± 10.07) (p < 0,0001), with 261 males (79.1%) and 69 females (20.9%). Frequency of obese patients (body mass index > 30) was 12.2%. A total of 37.4% had high blood pressure, and only 63.4% were treated. 59.9% (n = 178) of the population had dyslipemia. Average glucose levels were 121.9 ± 55.8mg/dL, a total of 42.4% (n = 140) had diabetes mellitus, all people had diabetes mellitus type 2. A 35.2% of patients had pain on rest (III stage) and a 64,8% had trophic lessons (Fontaine stage IV). Patients with this disease received and average of 2.2 ± 1.7 surgeries.

Conclusion

Patients with critical ischemia of limbs had a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors without pharmacological treatment. Type of surgery was related with the type of lesion.

Key words:
Atherosclerosis
Critical ischemia
Lower limbs
Risk factors
Sample
Vascular surgery
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