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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Total quantification of circulating microRNAs and smallRNAs in plasma and urine ...
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Vol. 49. Issue 9.
(November 2025)
Original article
Total quantification of circulating microRNAs and smallRNAs in plasma and urine as prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer
Cuantificación total de microRNA y smallRNA circulantes en plasma y orina como biomarcadores pronósticos en el cáncer de próstata
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M.V. Lorenzo-Sáncheza, M.G. Picazo-Martínezb, J.M. Giménez-Bachsa,c, M.J. Donate-Morenoa, S. Navarro Jiméneza, M.A. Tárraga-Honrubiaa, A.S. Salinas-Sáncheza,c,
Corresponding author
asantiago.salinas@uclm.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
b Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
c Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Table 1. Clinical and pathological characteristics of PCa patients.
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Table 2. Determination of cf-sRNA and cf-miRNA in plasma.
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Table 3. Determination of urine cf-sRNA and cf-miRNA.
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Table 4. Longitudinal follow-up in plasma and urine.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Introduction

Circulating RNAs (cfRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa). However, the lack of standardization in their analysis and the heterogeneity across available studies limit clinical application.

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the total concentration of cell-free circulating small RNA (cf-sRNA) and microRNA (cf-miRNA) in plasma and urine from PCa patients using accessible techniques, without identifying specific miRNAs.

Materials and methods

Prospective, longitudinal study including 143 men (111 with PCa and 32 healthy controls). Plasma and urine cf-sRNA and cf-miRNA levels were quantified with an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. Levels were correlated with clinical features, tumor stage, and progression to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). A longitudinal follow-up was conducted in a metastatic subgroup.

Results

Plasma and urine levels of cf-miRNA and cf-sRNA were significantly higher in patients with advanced PCa, particularly in those who progressed to mCRPC (p < 0.05). During follow-up, a significant increase in plasma cf-miRNA was observed after treatment (p = 0.031), as well as an increase in the relative percentage of cf-miRNA in urine (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Total quantification of cf-miRNA in plasma and urine is an accessible strategy with potential value as a dynamic biomarker for PCa monitoring and prognosis. Its use could complement current diagnostic tools, although further studies are required to validate its utility in clinical practice.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Liquid biopsy
Cell-free RNA (cfRNA)
miRNA
sRNA
Resumen
Introducción

Los ARN circulantes (cfRNA) han emergido como biomarcadores, en biopsia líquida, prometedores en el cáncer de próstata (CaP). Sin embargo, la falta de estandarización en su análisis y la heterogeneidad en los distintos estudios disponibles limita su aplicación clínica.

Objetivo

Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica de la concentración total de smallRNA (cf-sRNA) y microRNA (cf-miRNA) libres circulantes en plasma y orina de pacientes con cáncer de próstata (CaP), mediante técnicas accesibles, sin identificación de miRNA específicos.

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, que incluyó 143 varones (111 con CaP y 32 controles sanos). Se cuantificaron los niveles de cf-sRNA y cf-miRNA en plasma y orina mediante bioanalizador Agilent 2100. Se correlacionaron los niveles con características clínicas, estadio tumoral y progresión a CaP resistente a la castración (CPRCm). Se realizó seguimiento longitudinal en un subgrupo de pacientes metastásicos.

Resultados

Los niveles plasmáticos y urinarios de cf-miRNA y cf-sRNA fueron significativamente superiores en pacientes con CaP avanzado, particularmente en aquellos que progresaron a CPRCm (p < 0,05). En el seguimiento, se observó un incremento significativo del cf-miRNA plasmático tras el tratamiento (p = 0,031), así como un aumento del porcentaje relativo de cf-miRNA en orina (p = 0,012).

Conclusiones

La cuantificación total de cf-miRNA en plasma y orina representa una estrategia accesible, con potencial valor como biomarcador dinámico en el seguimiento y pronóstico del CaP. Su uso podría complementar las herramientas diagnósticas actuales, aunque se requieren estudios adicionales para validar su utilidad en la práctica clínica.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Diagnóstico
Pronóstico
Biopsia líquida
Cell free ARN (cfARN)
miRNA
sRNA

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