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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Efficacy of dietary interventions targeting calcium and oxalate intake in the pr...
Journal Information
Vol. 49. Issue 8.
(October 2025)
Review article
Efficacy of dietary interventions targeting calcium and oxalate intake in the prevention of calcium oxalate stones: An integrative review
Eficacia de la intervención dietética con calcio y control de oxalato en la prevención de los cálculos de oxalato cálcico: revisión integrativa
P. Vázquez Carral
Enfermería, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Calcium oxalate kidney stones—the most common type of renal calculi—are closely associated with dietary and metabolic factors. An appropriate dietary approach can help prevent their formation and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of dietary interventions involving adequate calcium intake combined with oxalate control in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Evidence acquisition

An integrative review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Dialnet (2014–2024), following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on calcium and oxalate dietary management in kidney stone disease.

Evidence synthesis and conclusions

The reviewed evidence indicates that an adequate calcium intake (800–1,200 mg/day) reduces intestinal oxalate absorption and, consequently, urinary oxalate excretion. Additionally, hydration, sodium restriction, and urine alkalinization with citrate are complementary dietary strategies. Recent studies also suggest that urinary microbiota and genetic predisposition may influence individual responses to dietary interventions. Overall, a personalized dietary approach may constitute an effective and accessible strategy for the prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stones. However, the current body of evidence is limited by methodological constraints and heterogeneity across studies.

Keywords:
Kidney stones
Calcium oxalate
Diet
Dietary calcium
Prevention
Integrative review
Resumen
Introducción

Los cálculos renales de oxalato cálcico, los más comunes, están relacionados con factores dietéticos y metabólicos. Una dieta adecuada puede prevenir y reducir su recurrencia.

Objetivo

Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención dietética basada en una ingesta adecuada de calcio combinada con el control de oxalato, como medida preventiva frente a la formación de cálculos de oxalato cálcico.

Adquisición de evidencia

Se realizó una revisión integrativa en PubMed, Scopus, Medline y Dialnet (2014-2024), según las directrices PRISMA, sobre la dieta de calcio y oxalato en la litiasis renal.

Síntesis de evidencia y conclusiones

La evidencia revisada indica que una ingesta adecuada de calcio (800–1.200 mg/día) reduce la absorción intestinal de oxalato y, en consecuencia. Además, la hidratación, la reducción del sodio y la alcalinización urinaria con citrato son factores dietéticos complementarios. Estudios recientes también sugieren que la microbiota urinaria y la predisposición genética podrían influir en la respuesta individual a la intervención. Se concluye que una dieta adaptada a las necesidades individuales podría constituir una estrategia eficaz y accesible para la prevención de la litiasis renal por oxalato cálcico. No obstante, la evidencia disponible presenta limitaciones metodológicas y heterogeneidad entre estudios.

Palabras clave:
Litiasis renal
Oxalato cálcico
Dieta
Calcio dietético
Prevención
Revisión integrativa

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