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Vol. 64. Issue 5.
Pages 363-368 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 64. Issue 5.
Pages 363-368 (September - October 2013)
Review Article
The Role of the Larynx in Chronic Cough
Participación laríngea en la tos crónica
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5322
Ignacio Cobetaa,
Corresponding author
ignaciocobeta@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Adalberto Pachecob, Elena Moraa
a Unidad de Voz, Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Tos Crónica, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Most Frequent Causes of Chronic Cough.
Abstract

Cough lasting more than 8 weeks is considered chronic. If the classic causes of chronic cough have been discarded, vagus nerve sensory disturbances are currently considered the most important etiological cause. Patients with chronic cough of laryngeal origin have associated symptoms such as globus, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnoea and/or stridor. These patients are more likely to have paradoxical vocal fold movement. There is a higher cough reflex sensibility and neuropathic laryngeal response, mainly caused by viral infection or reflux. The cough associated with reflux has 2 mechanisms: Exposure to acid in the distal oesophagus (gastroesophageal reflux) and microaspiration of oesophageal contents into the larynx and tracheo-bronchial tree (pharyngo-laryngeal reflux). Laryngeal neuropathy hypersensitivity responds well to speech therapy as a treatment for refractory chronic cough. Because chronic cough is a sign of laryngeal sensory, neuropathy can improve with neuroleptic drugs such as amitriptyline and gabapentin.

Keywords:
Chronic cough
Gastroesophageal reflux
Pharyngo-laryngeal reflux
Paradoxical vocal cord movement
Resumen

La tos crónica es la que dura más de 8 semanas. Una vez descartadas las causas clásicas de tos crónica, actualmente se considera que la etiología más probable está constituida por los trastornos sensoriales del nervio vago. Los pacientes con tos crónica de origen laríngeo presentan síntomas asociados como globo, disfagia, disfonía, disnea y/o estridor. Estos pacientes tienen mayor tendencia a sufrir movimiento vocal paradójico. Existe una sensibilización al reflejo de la tos y una respuesta neuropática laríngea causada principalmente por infección viral o por reflujo. La tos asociada a reflujo tiene 2 mecanismos: exposición al ácido en el esófago distal (reflujo gastroesofágico) y microaspiración del contenido esofágico en la laringe y en el árbol traqueobronquial (reflujo faringolaríngeo). La neuropatía laríngea crea hipersensibilidad que respondería bien a la readaptación (rehabilitación) logopédica como forma de tratamiento a tos crónica refractaria. Por ser la tos crónica un signo de neuropatía sensorial de la laringe puede mejorar con medicamentos neurolépticos como amitriptilina y gabapentina.

Palabras clave:
Tos crónica
Reflujo gastroesofágico
Reflujo faringolaríngeo
Movimiento vocal paradójico

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