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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Clinical and Video-Assisted Examination of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: A Compar...
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Vol. 63. Issue 6.
Pages 429-435 (November - December 2012)
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Vol. 63. Issue 6.
Pages 429-435 (November - December 2012)
Original article
Clinical and Video-Assisted Examination of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: A Comparative Study
Exploración clínica y videoasistida del reflejo vestíbulo-oculomotor: análisis comparativo
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Nicolás Pérez-Fernández
Corresponding author
nperezfer@unav.es

Corresponding author.
, Vivian Gallegos-Constantino, Luz Barona-Lleo, Raquel Manrique-Huarte
Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Number of Patients Per Type of Disease Studied.
Table 2. Findings Per Exploration Towards the Left and Right Sides in the 179 Patients Included in the Study.
Table 3. Findings Per Exploration Towards the Left and Right Sides in the 179 Patients Included in the Study.
Table 4. Findings Per Exploration Towards the Right and Left Sides in 114 Patients With Unilateral Involvement and With Normal or Abnormal Result, Unilateral in Both the cVOR and the vVOR Studies.
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Abstract
Introduction

The assessment of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is one of the main steps in clinically evaluating patients with dizziness. It can be performed at the bedside with common head-impulse test in which eye position is analysed at the end of the head-thrust. It is an important test due to its high specificity but low sensitivity.

Material and methods

We studied 179 patients with different types of balance-affecting disorders. The results were analysed in contingency tables. The clinical test was classified as normal or abnormal according to the absence or existence, respectively, of fixation saccades once the head-thrust was finished. The video head-impulse test (vHIT) was classified according to vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and presence of fixation saccades. The speed of the slow phase of spontaneous nystagmus was also quantified, in addition to the caloric test results.

Results

There were significant differences (Chi-square test, P=.00) for the findings in the clinical evaluation and with the vHIT: 32.1% of the tests performed yielded different findings in both tests. In the vHIT, the differences were due to the finding of normal gain with saccades; in these patients, the mean canal paresis was significantly abnormal: 39%±10%.

Conclusions

The distribution of findings for the VOR bedside examination and for that with the help of a video system are significantly different; as such, the video head-impulse examination is not simply an added VOR detection and registration system. The difference relies mainly on a vHIT response characterised as of normal gain but with fixation saccades. These have been considered as the cause for the low sensitivity of the bedside VOR examination and sometimes regarded as normal responses; we have demonstrated that these findings are abnormal according to the findings of higher canal paresis in the caloric test.

Keywords:
Vertigo
Dizziness
Head-thrust
Canal paresis
Resumen
Introducción

El estudio del reflejo vestíbulo-oculomotor (RVO) es uno de los pasos más importantes en la evaluación del paciente con cualquier alteración del equilibrio. Se puede realizar de forma clínica mediante impulsos cefálicos analizando la posición ocular final refleja y es una prueba de gran valor en la cabecera del paciente por su alta especificidad a pesar de su baja sensibilidad. En este trabajo vamos a comparar los resultados de esta valoración con los de una nueva metodología basada en el registro videoasistido del desplazamiento ocular inducido por el impulso cefálico.

Material y métodos

El trabajo se realiza en 179 pacientes con diferentes tipos de trastornos del equilibrio. Se hace un estudio por medio de tablas de contingencia de los resultados de los impulsos cefálicos a derecha e izquierda en cada paciente. Los resultados de cada prueba se clasifican en normales y anormales. El estudio clínico es anormal cuando se detectan sacadas de refijación al finalizar el impulso cefálico y el estudio videoasistido se clasifica de acuerdo a los parámetros de ganancia del reflejo y a la existencia de sacadas de refijación. Adicionalmente se estudia la intensidad del nistagmo espontáneo y el resultado en la prueba calórica.

Resultados

En el 32,1% de las pruebas realizadas existe disparidad de resultados y esta diferencia es debida fundamentalmente a un patrón de respuesta analizada en el estudio videoasistido caracterizado por una ganancia normal y sacadas de refijación de moderada velocidad intermedias entre las encubiertas y las evidentes. Esto no es un patrón normal, toda vez que en la prueba calórica se observó que el valor promedio de la paresia canalicular es anormal: 39%±10.

Conclusiones

Los hallazgos en este nuevo método de exploración amplían los del estudio clínico: no es un mero aditamento a la exploración clínica. La causa fundamental de la baja sensibilidad de la prueba clínica se basa en la incapacidad de detectar o, en dar como normal, pequeñas sacadas de refijación: representan la secuela de un daño vestibular precedente o actual y necesita una mejor caracterización.

Palabras clave:
Vértigo
Mareo
Impulso cefálico
Paresia canalicular

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