Información del artículo
Resumen
La traqueostomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico rutinario en entornos de cuidado crítico. La tasa de ocurrencia anual de este procedimiento oscila alrededor del 28,4% por cada 100.000 habitantes, y para el caso colombiano la prevalencia de pacientes con traqueostomía puede alcanzar cifras de hasta el 48%. Pese a que su realización origina beneficios para facilitar el manejo médico, también impacta negativamente la fisiología de la respiración, la comunicación y la deglución; incrementando el riesgo de desenlaces fatales. Con el objetivo de mejorar el cuidado posquirúrgico de una traqueostomía, una de las estrategias de tratamiento más efectivas para estos pacientes consiste en la oclusión de la traqueostomía toda vez que esta acción restaura la fisiología normal de la vía aérea. Este artículo examina la utilidad de las válvulas de habla y deglución para recuperar la función de la vía aerodigestiva. La revisión se ejecuta bajo la premisa de que estos dispositivos son fundamentales en la rehabilitación de los pacientes con traqueostomía y poseen evidencia suficiente para defender su uso en entornos clínicos. Adicionalmente, se pone en discusión el compromiso de la comunidad fonoaudiológica colombiana para posicionar estos dispositivos como un estándar de manejo y se proponen diversas estrategias para la consecución de este objetivo.
Palabras clave:
Válvula de habla
Traqueostomía
Comunicación
Deglución
Voz
Abstract
Tracheostomy is a routine surgical procedure in critical care settings. The annual occurrence rate of this procedure oscillates around 28.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and for the Colombian case, the prevalence of patients with tracheostomy can reach figures of up to 48%. Even though its performance originates benefits to facilitate medical management, it also harms the physiology of respiration, communication, and swallowing, increasing the risk of fatal outcomes. To improve post-surgical tracheostomy care, one of the most effective treatment strategies for these patients is tracheostomy occlusion as this action restores normal airway physiology. This article examines the usefulness of speaking and swallowing valves in restoring aerodigestive tract function. The review is conducted on the premise that these devices are essential in the rehabilitation of tracheostomy patients and have sufficient evidence to support their use in clinical settings. Additionally, the commitment of the Colombian speech-language pathology community to position these devices as a standard of management is discussed and several strategies are proposed to achieve this goal.
Keywords:
Speaking valve
Tracheostomy
Communication
Swallowing
Voice
Artículo
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