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Vol. 24. Issue 1.
Pages 60-67 (January - March 2023)
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Vol. 24. Issue 1.
Pages 60-67 (January - March 2023)
Review article
Vaccination strategies to combat nosocomial infections
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2
Rajesh Venkataramana, Umesh Yadavb,
Corresponding author
umesh1yadav1@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ravi Kurikempannadoddi Shivalingegowdac, Yogendra Shresthab
a Department of pharmacy practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of pharmacy, B. G. Nagara, 571448, Karnataka, India
b Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Karnataka, India
c Department of otorhinolaryngology and head & neck surgery, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B. G. Nagara, 571448, Karnataka, India
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Abstract

In spite of the widespread implementation of preventive strategies, nosocomial infections are one of the most frequent localized or systemic adverse events in healthcare worldwide despite of progress in public health and hospital care. The risk factors for these infections increased due to underlying health issues, immune-compromised individuals, increased age, and prolonged hospitalization of patients. Although a few novel antibiotics have recently been put into clinical practice, the exploration of alternative techniques to effectively battle nosocomial infections is urgently required to reduce the significant burden. Many common nosocomial pathogens have growing rates of antibiotic resistance, exacerbating the situation and emphasizing the need for preventative alternatives to antibiotic treatment, such as immunological strategies based on vaccine development or therapeutic antibodies, which may significantly enhance their control. This review will concentrate on the epidemiology of the most frequent nosocomial pathogens, as well as vaccines authorized or in development for the prevention of ESCAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae).

Keywords:
Nsocomial infections
Vaccine
Pathogens
Antibiotic resistance
Resumen

Las infecciones nosocomiales constituyen uno de los eventos adversos localizados o sistémicos más frecuentes en la atención sanitaria a nivel mundial a pesar de los avances en salud pública y atención hospitalaria. Los factores de riesgo de estas infecciones aumentan debido a problemas de salud subyacentes, personas inmunocomprometidas, edad avanzada y hospitalización prolongada de los pacientes. Sin embargo, muchos patógenos nosocomiales comunes tienen tasas crecientes de resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que exacerba la situación y enfatiza la necesidad de alternativas preventivas al tratamiento con antibióticos, como las vacunas. En muchas circunstancias, las tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con las infecciones nosocomiales resistentes a los antibióticos son altas. Esta revisión pondrá énfasis en las infecciones nosocomiales junto con la patogenia y la enfermedad, los tratamientos disponibles y la revisión de las vacunas actualmente aprobadas o en preparación para el manejo de los patógenos ESCAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacteriaceae).

Palabras clave:
infecciones nosocomiales
vacuna
patógenos
resistencia a antibióticos

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