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Vacunas (English Edition) Cytokine production and TLR 7/8 gene expression following BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 va...
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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
(July - September 2025)
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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
(July - September 2025)
Original article

Cytokine production and TLR 7/8 gene expression following BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccination

Producción de citocinas y expresión del gen TLR 7/8 tras la vacunación con BBIBP-CorV COVID-19
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Ali Mohammed Ashrafa,b, Marwan Y. Al-Maqtoofia,
Corresponding author
, Ahmed A. Burghala
a Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
b Ministry of Health, Basra Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq.
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Abstract
Introduction and objective

The impact of inactivated vaccines for COVID-19, BBIBP-CorV COVID-19, on the human immune system was not studied. This study investigates the immune response induced by the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine.

Method

A total of 90 blood samples (5 ml each) were collected from participants (mean age: 20 years) in Basrah, Iraq. The study included 60 vaccinated individuals (38 males, 22 females), 60 days post-BBIBP-CorV vaccination and 30 unvaccinated controls (15 males, 15 females). Blood was divided: 2 ml in EDTA tubes for TLR7/TLR8 mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) and 3 ml in clotting activator tubes for serum isolation to measure IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels (sandwich ELISA). Data were compared with controls and analysed for statistical differences. Volunteers with flu, COVID-19 symptoms, fever, chronic diseases, or immunocompromised conditions were excluded.

Results

The BBIBP-CorV vaccine did not disrupt cytokine production, with no significant differences in IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups after 60 days (p > 0.05). However, TLR7 and TLR8 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in vaccinated individuals compared to controls, indicating enhanced innate immune activation without affecting cytokine balance. These findings highlight the vaccine's ability to stimulate immunity while maintaining normal cytokine levels.

Conclusions

These results are particularly significant as they demonstrate that the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine successfully induces immunological responses via TLR7 and TLR8 activation without abnormal effects on cytokine production. As a pilot study, these findings lay a strong foundation for future research.

Keywords:
Vaccine
Cytokine
COVID-19
ELISA
Gene expression
TLR
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

No se ha estudiado el impacto de las vacunas no activadas contra la COVID-19, tal como BBIBP-CorV COVID-19, en el sistema inmunitario humano. Este estudio investiga la respuesta inmunitaria inducida por la vacuna BBIBP-CorV contra la COVID-19.

Método

Se recogió un total de 90 muestras de sangre (de 5 ml cada una) de los participantes (edad media: 20 años) en Basrah, Irak. El estudio incluyó 60 individuos vacunados (38 varones, 22 mujeres) 60 días tras la vacunación con BBIBP-CorV, y 30 controles no vacunados (15 varones, 15 mujeres). Se dividió la sangre del modo siguiente: 2 ml en tubos EDTA para estudiar la expresión del ARNm de TLR7/TLR8 (RT-qPCR), y 3 ml en tubos activadores de coagulación para aislamiento sérico, a fin de medir los niveles de IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 e IL-21 (ELISA tipo sándwich). Se compararon los datos con los controles, y se analizaron para encontrar las diferencias estadísticas. Se excluyeron los voluntarios con gripe, síntomas de COVID-19, fiebre, enfermedades crónicas o condiciones inmunocomprometidas.

Resultados

La vacuna BBIBP-CorV no alteró la producción de citocinas, ni reflejó diferencias significativas de los niveles de IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 e IL-21 entre los grupos de vacunados y no vacunados transcurridos 60 días (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, la expresión del ARNm de TLR7 y TLR8 mRNA estuvo significativamente aumentada (p < 0,05) en los individuos vacunados, en comparación con los controles, lo cual indica el aumento de la activación inmunitaria innata sin afectar al equilibrio de las citocinas. Dichos hallazgos destacan la capacidad de la vacuna para estimular la inmunidad, a la vez que mantiene los niveles de citocinas normales.

Conclusiones

Estos resultados son particularmente significativos, ya que demuestran que la vacuna BBIBP-CorV contra la COVID-19 induce exitosamente las respuestas inmunológicas a través de la activación de TLR7 y TLR8, sin efectos anormales en la producción de citocinas. Como estudio piloto, estos hallazgos establecen un fundamento sólido para la investigación futura.

Palabras clave:
Vacuna
Citocina
COVID-19
ELISA
Expresión genética
TLR

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