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Journal Information
Vol. 2. Issue 2.
Pages 64-67 (April 2001)
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Vol. 2. Issue 2.
Pages 64-67 (April 2001)
Most polio cases should be confirmed by laboratory in endemic countries
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P. Godoya,
Corresponding author
godoy@slle.scs.es

Correspondence: Vall d'Aneu, 45. 25199 Lleida. Spain.
, M. Haghgoub, F. Popovicia, N.A. Sadozaib
a Stop Polio Team. World Health Organization.
b World Health Organization. Afghanistan.
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Article information
Summary
Background

The objective of this study was to characterise cases of polio classified as "compatible" by comparing them with cases confirmed by laboratory.

Methods

Since 1997, when an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case was detected in Afghanistan it was investigated and two stool samples were collected. To investigate the association between the dependent variable (either compatible polio or laboratory confirmed polio) and the independent variables we calculated the adjusted OR (ORa).

Results

Over the period 1997-1999, 365 AFP cases were detected, of which 59.2% were classified as poliomyelitis (216/365); 44.4% of polio cases (96/216) had wild poliovirus isolated and the rest, 55.6% (120/216) were considered "compatible" with poliomyelitis.

There were differences between "compatible" and polio cases confirmed by laboratory of variables: under 1 year age group (ORa = 0.1; CI 9596: 0.1-0.3 ), 1 to 2 years old (ORa = 0.2; CI 9596: 0.10.5) and 2 to 3 years old (ORa = 0.2; CI 95%: 0.1-0.9); fever at onset of paralysis (ORa = 0.1; CI 95%: 0.1-0.7) and asymmetric paralysis (ORa = 0.6; CI 95%: 0.3-1.2).

Conclusiones

This study provides evidence that there are some differences between "compatible" and confirmed cases of polio and suggests that some patients could be misclassify as having poliomyelitis. Furthermore, it shows that most polio cases should be confirmed by laboratory in endemic countries.

Palabras clave:
Poliomielitis
Poliovirus
Epidemiología
Resumen
Antecedentes

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar los casos de polio clasificados como "compatibles" mediante su comparación con los casos confirmados por el laboratorio.

Métodos

En Afganistán desde 1997, en todos los casos de parálisis flàccida aguda (PFA) detectados se recogieron dos muestras de heces y posteriormente fueron investigados.

Para estudiar la asociación entre la variable dependiente (caso de polio compatible o confirmado por el laboratorio) con el resto de las variables independientes se calcularon las odds ratioajustadas.(ORa).

Resultados

En el período 1997-1999 se detectaron 365 casos de PFA de los cuales el 59,2% fueron clasificados como casos de poliomielitis (216/365). En el 44,4% de los casos de polio (96/216) se aisló un poliovirus y el resto de casos, 55,6% (120/216), fueron considerados como "compatibles" con poliomielitis. Se observaron diferencias entre los casos de polio "compatibles" con los casos confirmados por el laboratorio para las variables: menores de 1 año (ORa = 0,1; IC del 95% = 0,1-0,3), de 1 a 2 años (ORa = 0,2; IC del 95% = 0,1-0,5) y de 2 a 3 años (ORa = 0,2; IC del 95% = 0,10,9); fiebre en el inicio de la parálisis (ORa = 0,1; IC del 95% = 0,1-0,7) y parálisis asimétrica (ORa = 0,6; IC del 95% = 0,3-1,2).

Conclusions

Este estudio evidencia la existencia de diferencias entre los casos de polio "compatibles" con los confirmados por el laboratorio y sugiere que algunos pacientes podrían estar clasificados erróneamente como casos de poliomielitis. Ello pone de manifiesto que la mayoría de casos deberían ser confirmados por el laboratorio en los países con endemia de polio.

Key words:
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
Epidemiology

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