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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 41-49 (January - June 2020)
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 41-49 (January - June 2020)
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Measles. Re-emergence on its path to eradication
Sarampión. Reemergencia en el camino de la erradicación
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F.A. Moraga-Llop
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fmoraga@acmcb.es

Corresponding author.
Societat Catalana de Pediatria, Asociación Española de Vacunología, Barcelona, Spain
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Summary

After the continued decline in measles morbidity and mortality during this century, since 2017 there has been, for various reasons (vaccination reticence is very important), a re-emergence of the disease around the world, when walking towards its eradication. Clinicians should suspect measles to anyone susceptible to fever and a clinical flulike presentation of several days of evolution, with the subsequent appearance of a generalized maculopapulous rash. When a measles case is suspected, epidemiological surveillance service shall be urgently declared, the specific IgM shall be determined and the patient isolated. If the case is confirmed, an epidemiological survey and post-exposure prophylaxis of the susceptible contacts will be carried out. Routine vaccination in childhood with a triple viral vaccine with two doses from 12 months and in all persons with any age is essential, and vaccine coverage of 95% or more in the population is essential.

Keywords:
Measle
Exantematic disease
Epidemiology
Measles vaccine
Resumen

Después de la disminución continuada de la morbilidad y la mortalidad del sarampión durante este siglo, desde 2017 se observa, por diversas razones (la reticencia vacunal es muy importante), una reemergencia de la enfermedad en todo el mundo, cuando se caminaba hacia su erradicación. Los clínicos deben sospechar el sarampión ante cualquier persona susceptible que presente fiebre y un cuadro catarral de varios días de evolución, con la aparición posterior de un exantema maculopapuloso generalizado. Cuando se sospeche un caso de sarampión se declarará de manera urgente al servicio de vigilancia epidemiológica, se determinará la IgM específica y se aislará al paciente. Si el caso se confirma, se realizarán una encuesta epidemiológica y la profilaxis post-exposición de los contactos susceptibles. Es fundamental la vacunación sistemática en la infancia con vacuna triple vírica con dos dosis a partir de los 12 meses y en todas las personas susceptibles de cualquier edad, y es imprescindible mantener coberturas vacunales del 95% o más en la población.

Palabras clave:
Sarampión
Enfermedades exantemáticas
Epidemiología
Vacunas antisarampión

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