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Vol. 70. Issue 7.
Pages 404-408 (August - September 2023)
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Vol. 70. Issue 7.
Pages 404-408 (August - September 2023)
Case report
Validation of Point-of-Care ultrasound in the diagnosis of a diaphragmatic hernia
Validación de la ecografía Point-of-Care para el diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática: a propósito de un caso
P. Oliver-Forniésa,
Corresponding author
pablo.oliver.fornies@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Centeno-Péreza,b,c, M. Martínez Garcíaa, M. Fajardo Péreza, F.B. de la Quintana Gordona,b
a Servicio de Anestesiología, Cuidados Críticos y Medicina del Dolor, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
b MoMaRC – Morphological Madrid Research Center, Ultradissection Spain EchoTraining School, Madrid, Spain
c Investigador del GIIS083, Instituto Aragonés de Investigación Sanitaria (IISAragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Table 1. Classification of diaphragmatic dysfunction by point-of-care ultrasound according to fractional thickening, diaphragmatic excursion, dome excursion, and transducer position.
Abstract

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a sensitive, specific tool for early diagnosis of diaphragm pathology in critically ill patients. We report the case of a patient with a history of iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia who was admitted to the Resuscitation Unit after an emergency exploratory laparotomy. As the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia had already been confirmed, we determined the POCUS features that establish the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia: (1) normal bilateral diaphragmatic shortening fraction; (2) decreased diaphragmatic excursion; and (3) cephalic position of the diaphragmatic dome (4) greater in supine than in sitting position. We also outline a systematic ultrasound examination of the diaphragm and a POCUS-based differential classification of diaphragmatic dysfunction based on the functional integrity of the peripheral muscle and central diaphragmatic tendon in critically ill patients.

Keywords:
Case report
Ultrasound
Diaphragmatic hernia
Respiratory paralysis
Point-of-Care
Resuscitation unit
Resumen

La ecografía Point-of-Care (POCUS) es una herramienta sensible y específica para diagnosticar de manera precoz la patología del diafragma en pacientes críticos. Presentamos un caso clínico de un paciente con antecedentes de hernia diafragmática iatrogénica que ingresó en la Unidad de Reanimación tras una laparotomía exploradora de emergencia. Aprovechando el diagnóstico conocido de hernia diafragmática, describimos los signos clínicos que debemos encontrar en la evaluación POCUS para establecer el diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática: (1) fracción de acortamiento diafragmático normal bilateral; (2) excursión diafragmática reducida; y (3) posición cefálica de la cúpula diafragmática (4) mayor en supino que en sedestación. Igualmente, proponemos una sistemática de exploración ecográfica del diafragma y una clasificación diferencial de la disfunción diafragmática evaluada mediante POCUS en función de la correcta integridad y funcionamiento del músculo periférico y del tendón central diafragmáticos en el paciente crítico.

Palabras clave:
Caso clínico
Ecografía
Hernia diafragmática
Parálisis respiratoria
Point-of-CARE
Unidad de reanimación

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