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Vol. 70. Issue 4.
Pages 218-223 (April 2023)
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Vol. 70. Issue 4.
Pages 218-223 (April 2023)
Original article
Feasibility and effects of prehabilitation in cardiac surgery. Preliminary study
Factibilidad y efectos de la prehabilitación en cirugía cardiaca. Estudio preliminar
A. López-Hernándeza,b,
Corresponding author
lopez15@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, M.J. Arguisa,b,c, E. Gimeno-Santosb,c, R. Navarroa,b, M. Coca-Martínezb, G. Martínez-Pallía,b,c,d
a Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Prehabilitación, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
d CIBERES, Centro de investigación en red de enfermedades respiratorias, Spain
Article information
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Figures (1)
Tables (2)
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics (n = 30).
Table 2. Functional parameters and emotional state before and after the pre-rehabilitation programe (n = 27).
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Abstract

Prehabilitation programs that combine exercise training, nutritional support, and emotional reinforcement have demonstrated efficacy as a strategy for preoperative optimization in abdominal surgery. The experience in cardiac surgery, one of those associated with greater morbidity and mortality, is anecdotal.

Objective

evaluation of the feasibility of a multimodal prehabilitation program and its effect on functional capacity in patients candidates for elective cardiac surgery.

Methods

Pilot study conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in patients candidates to myocardial revascularization and/or valve replacement. The program consisted of: 1) supervised exercise training program, 2) breathing incentive exercises, 3) nutritional support, and 4) mindfulness training. An evaluation was carried out prior to the start of the program and at the end of it (preoperatively).

Results

All patients except one who refused surgery, completed the program, which lasted an average of 45 days. No patients presented complications related to the program. The program induced a significantly increase in functional capacity measured by the six-minute walking test (510.7 + 62 m vs 534.3 + 71 m, p = 0.007) and the chair test (13.2 + 4, 7 vs 16.4 + 7 repetitions, p = 0.02), as well as an increase in the level of physical activity measured by the Yale physical activity questionnaire (37.6 + 20 vs 54.2 + 27; p = 00029).

Conclusions

Multimodal prehabilitation in patients candidates for elective cardiac surgery is feasible and it increases functional capacity preoperatively without being associated with complications. The presumed beneficial impact of this improvement on the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital stay, requires further investigation.

Keywords:
Prehabilitation
Cardiac surgery
Preoperative physical activity
Preoperative optimization
Resumen

Los programas de prehabilitación que combinan entrenamiento físico, soporte nutricional y refuerzo emocional han demostrado eficacia como estrategia de optimización prequirúrgica en cirugía abdominal. La experiencia en cirugía cardiaca, una de las que asocia mayor morbimortalidad, es anecdótica.

Objetivo

Evaluación de la factibilidad de un programa de prehabilitación multimodal y su efecto sobre la capacidad funcional en pacientes candidatos a cirugía cardíaca electiva.

Métodos

Estudio piloto realizado desde julio de 2017 hasta junio de 2018 en pacientes candidatos a revascularización miocárdica y/o recambio valvular. El programa consistió en: 1) programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, 2) incentivación respiratoria, 3) soporte nutricional y 4) entrenamiento en mindfulness. Se realizó una evaluación previa al inicio del programa y al finalizar el mismo (preoperatoriamente).

Resultados

Todos los pacientes excepto uno que rechazó la cirugía, completaron el programa, que tuvo una duración media de 45 días. Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones relacionadas con el programa. El programa indujo un aumento significativo de la capacidad funcional medido por el test de la marcha de seis minutos (510,7 + 62 m vs 534,3 + 71 m, p = 0,007) y el test de la silla (13,2 + 4,7 vs 16,4 + 7 repeticiones, p = 0,02), así como un aumento del nivel de actividad física medido mediante el cuestionario de actividad física de Yale (37,6 + 20 vs 54,2 + 27; p = 00029).

Conclusiones

La prehabilitación multimodal en pacientes candidatos a cirugía cardiaca electiva es factible y aumenta la capacidad funcional preoperatoriamente sin asociarse a complicaciones. El presumible impacto beneficioso de esta mejora sobre la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias y estancia hospitalaria requiere ser investigado.

Palabras clave:
Prehabilitación
Cirugía Cardiaca
Actividad física preoperatoria
Optimización preoperatoria

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