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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Severe perioperative anaphylaxis: Incidence in a tertiary hospital in Spain over...
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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 17-25 (January 2023)
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Vol. 70. Issue 1.
Pages 17-25 (January 2023)
Original article
Severe perioperative anaphylaxis: Incidence in a tertiary hospital in Spain over a 20-year period. A historical cohort study
Anafilaxia perioperatoria severa: Incidencia en un hospital terciario en España durante 20 años. Estudio de cohorte histórico
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F. Escolanoa,
Corresponding author
fescolano@parcdesalutmar.cat

Corresponding author.
, J. Yelamosb, L. Moltóa, B. Forta, M. Esponac, A. Giménez-Arnaud
a Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
b Departamento de Patología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To assess the incidence of severe perioperative anaphylaxis, the mechanisms involved, the value of laboratory/skin tests, and the most effective treatments.

Methods

A historical cohort study conducted in a tertiary public hospital in Spain. Patients that had undergone anaesthesia during the 20-year period were included. In these patients, 66 cases of severe anaphylaxis were found. In patients with suspicion of severe anaphylaxis, levels of blood histamine at less than 15min and serum tryptase at 2, 6, and 24h following the reaction were determined. Skin and specific IgE tests were performed between 4 and 8 weeks later.

Results

Over the 20-year period, 288 594 anaesthetic procedures were performed. We observed cases of 66 severe anaphylaxis reaction (59% men; age, 60.8±17.3 years. Symptoms observed were cardiovascular (86%), respiratory (73%), and mucocutaneous (56%). Elevated serum tryptase levels were associated with degree of severity at 2 (P<.0001) and 6h (P=.026) and were highest in IgE-mediated reactions (P=.020). All patients required treatment, and 3 events were fatal.

In 84.8% of patients, skin and/or specific IgE tests were positive for antibiotics (35.8%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (23.1%), neuromuscular blocking agents (15.4%) and latex (15.4%).

Conclusions

The incidence of severe anaphylaxis in our hospital was 1 in 4.373 anaesthetic procedures, with a death rate of 4.5%. All cases required treatment. Serum tryptase was a good predictor of reaction severity. The most frequent causative agents were antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents and latex.

Keywords:
Anaphylaxis
Perioperative
Tryptase
Histamine
Skin test
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia de reacciones perioperatorias graves, los mecanismos implicados, los tratamientos realizados y la utilidad del protocolo diagnóstico propuesto.

Métodos

Estudio de cohorte histórico en un hospital público terciario en España. Se incluyeron pacientes que recibieron anestesia durante 20 años. En pacientes con sospecha de anafilaxia grave, se determinaron los niveles de histamina en sangre en menos de 15minutos y triptasa sérica a las 2, 6 y 24horas después de la reacción. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas e IgE específica a las 4-8 semanas.

Resultados

Durante el período de 20 años, se realizaron 288.594 procedimientos anestésicos. Observamos 66 reacciones de anafilaxia grave (59% hombres; edad: 60,8±17,3 años). Los síntomas fueron cardiovasculares (86%), respiratorios (73%) y mucocutáneos (56%). Los niveles elevados de triptasa sérica se asociaron con un mayor nivel de gravedad a las 2 (P<,0001) y 6 horas (P=.026) y fueron más elevados en las reacciones IgE mediadas (P=,020). Todos los pacientes requirieron tratamiento y la muerte ocurrió en 3 casos. En el 84,8% de los pacientes las pruebas cutáneas y/o IgE específicas fueron positivas a antibióticos (35,8%), antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (23,1%), bloqueantes neuromusculares (15,4%) y látex (15,4%).

Conclusiones

La incidencia de anafilaxia grave en nuestro hospital fue 1:4.373 procedimientos anestésicos, con una mortalidad del 4,5%. Todos los casos requirieron tratamiento. La triptasa sérica fue un buen predictor de la gravedad de la reacción. Los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes fueron antibióticos, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, bloqueantes neuromusculares y látex.

Palabras clave:
Anafilaxia
Perioperatorio
Triptasa
Histamina
Pruebas cutáneas

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