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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología Artritis por Cryptococcus neoformans en un paciente con lupus eritematoso sisté...
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Vol. 31. Issue 1.
Pages 97-102 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 1.
Pages 97-102 (January - March 2024)
Informe de caso
Artritis por Cryptococcus neoformans en un paciente con lupus eritematoso sistémico: reporte de un caso
Cryptococcus neoformans arthritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
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Diana C. Quintero-Gonzáleza,
Corresponding author
carolina.quintero1@udea.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, Andrés F. Cardona-Cardonaa, Adriana L. Vanegas-Garcíaa,b, Carlos H. Muñoz-Vahosa,b, Gloria Vásqueza, Luis Alonso González-Naranjoa
a Grupo de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
b Grupo de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen

El Cryptococcus neoformans es el principal agente causal de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico que con frecuencia comprometen el sistema nervioso central y el pulmón. La infección se desarrolla durante los 2 primeros años tras el diagnóstico en pacientes con enfermedad activa, y los principales factores de riesgo son los glucocorticoides, especialmente la dosis acumulada, y la linfopenia. La mortalidad es alta, superior al 50%. Presentamos el caso de un hombre con lupus eritematoso sistémico activo que ingresó por fiebre, artritis, tenosinovitis y púrpura, en quien se documentó infección diseminada por C. neoformans mediante aislamiento inicial en sangre y líquido sinovial. Posteriormente, desarrolló síntomas del sistema nervioso central como cefalea y rigidez de nuca que respondieron al tratamiento de inducción con anfotericina y flucitosina, y las manifestaciones se resolvieron completamente. Aunque la afectación articular y periarticular por C. neoformans es infrecuente, estos son focos para considerar en el abordaje de pacientes con lupus y sospecha de infección fúngica invasiva.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Infecciones
Artritis infecciosa
Criptococosis
Informes de casos
Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading causal agent of invasive fungal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, frequently compromising the central nervous system and the lung. The infection develops during the first two years after diagnosis in patients with active disease, and the main risk factors are glucocorticoids, especially the cumulative dose, and lymphopenia. Mortality is high, exceeding 50%. We present the case of a man with active systemic lupus erythematosus who was admitted due to fever, arthritis, tenosynovitis, and purpura in whom disseminated C. neoformans infection was documented by initial isolation in blood and synovial fluid. Subsequently, he developed central nervous system symptoms like headache and nuchal rigidity that responded to induction treatment with amphotericin and flucytosine, and the manifestations resolved. Although joint and periarticular involvement by C. neoformans is infrequent, these are foci to consider in the approach to patients with lupus and suspected invasive fungal infection.

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Infections
Infectious arthritis
Cryptococcosis
Case report

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