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Vol. 53. Issue 1.
Pages 8-16 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 53. Issue 1.
Pages 8-16 (January - March 2024)
Original article
Social determinants, symptoms and mental problems in adults internally displaced by armed conflict. Soacha, Colombia, 2019
Determinantes sociales, síntomas y problemas mentales en población adulta víctima de desplazamiento forzado por conflicto armado interno. Soacha, Colombia, 2019
Sandra Elizabeth Piñeros-Ortíz
Corresponding author
seortiz@unal.edu.co

Corresponding author.
, Zulma Consuelo Urrego-Mendoza, Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela, Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Categories for assessing possible mental problems (MP) or potentially problematic symptoms (PPS).
Table 2. SDH results in men and women from the study.
Table 3. SRQ results in displaced men and women from Soacha.
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Abstract
Objective

To characterise social determinants of health, mental health problems and potentially problematic symptoms in the adult population displaced by internal armed conflict in Colombia.

Methods

Cross-sectional descriptive study with a random sample of 98 adults forcefully displaced to Soacha, Colombia, due to internal armed conflict. The Self Report Questionnaire to detect potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms, and a structured questionnaire on social determinants of health were applied.

Results

The median age was 38 [interquartile range, 28–46] years, and women predominated (69.39%). The median time since displacement was 36 [16–48] months, and time since settlement in Soacha, 48 [5–48] months. 86.32% survived on less than the minimum wage per month and 93.87% did not have an employment contract. 42.86% and 7.14% reported being owners of their homes before and after displacement, respectively. Upon arriving in Soacha, 79.60% went to primary support networks and 3% to institutions. Before displacement, 16.33% lacked health insurance and 27.55% afterwards. Regarding mental health problems; there were possible depressive or anxious disorders in 57.29%; possible psychosis in 36.73%; and potentially problematic symptoms in 91.66%, being more prevalent and serious in women (p = 0.0025).

Conclusions

A deterioration in living conditions and a higher prevalence of potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms was reported in displaced adult populations settled in Soacha compared to other regions of the country. Analyses with complementary perspectives are required to evaluate these differences.

Keywords:
Human migrations
Armed conflicts
Mental health
Mental disorders
Social determinants of health
Resumen
Objetivo

Caracterizar determinantes sociales en salud, problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos en adultos desplazados por conflicto armado interno en Colombia, asentados en Soacha.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con tamaño muestral de 98 adultos desplazados por conflicto armado. Se aplicó el Self Report Questionnaire para detección de problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos y un cuestionario estructurado sobre determinantes sociales en salud.

Resultados

La mediana de edad fue 38 [intervalo intercuartílico, 28–46] años y predominaron las mujeres (69,39%). La mediana de tiempo desde que fueron desplazados fue 36 [16–48] meses y asentados en Soacha, 24 [5–48] meses. El 86,32% sobrevivía con menos de un salario mínimo mensual y el 93,87% no tenía contrato laboral. Un 42,86% y un 7,14% manifestaron ser propietarios de las viviendas que habitaban antes y después del desplazamiento respectivamente. Al llegar a Soacha, el 79,60% acudió a redes primarias y el 3%, a instituciones. El 16,33% carecían de aseguramiento en salud antes del desplazamiento y el 27,55%, después. Resultaron positivos en problemas mentales por posible trastorno depresivo o ansioso el 57,29%; en posible psicosis, el 36,73% y en síntomas potencialmente problemáticos, el 91,66%, más prevalentes y graves en mujeres (p = 0,0025).

Conclusiones

Se identificaron en la población adulta desplazada y asentada en Soacha deterioro en condiciones de vida y una prevalencia de problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos mayor que la reportada en desplazados ubicados en otras regiones del país. Se requiere análisis con perspectivas complementarias para evaluar estas diferencias.

Palabras clave:
Migrantes
Conflictos armados
Salud mental
Trastornos mentales
Determinantes sociales de la salud

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