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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) The radiologist's role in the management of papillary renal cell carcinoma
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 100-114 (March - April 2017)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 100-114 (March - April 2017)
Update in Radiology
The radiologist's role in the management of papillary renal cell carcinoma
Carcinoma papilar de células renales: el papel del radiólogo en su manejo
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M.Á. Corral de la Callea,
Corresponding author
, J. Encinas de la Iglesiaa, M.R. Martín Lópezb, G.C. Fernández Pérezc, D.S. Águeda del Basa
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
c Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario del Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Table 1. General characteristics of hereditary syndromes associated with papillary renal cell carcinomaa (the association is progressively lower in the entities shown in the table; the terms in italics show cutaneous entities) (sustr).
Table 2. MRI technical protocol used in our center for renal tumor characterization. Machine: Magnetom Avanto 1.5T, Siemens Healthcare.
Table 3. Common behavior of papillary renal cell carcinoma and cortical renal lesions in radiology modalities most commonly used in differential diagnoses.
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Abstract

Papillary carcinoma is the second most common renal cell carcinoma. It has a better prognosis than the more frequent clear cell carcinoma, although this does not hold true for advanced cases, because no specific treatment exists.

It presents as a circumscribed peripheral tumor (small and homogeneously solid or larger and cystic/hemorrhagic) or as an infiltrating lesion that invades the veins, which has a worse prognosis.

Due to their low vascular density, papillary renal cell carcinomas enhance less than other renal tumors, and this facilitates their characterization. On computed tomography, they might not enhance conclusively, and in these cases they are impossible to distinguish from hyperattenuating cysts. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are more sensitive for detecting vascularization. Other characteristics include a specific vascular pattern, hypointensity on T2-weighted images, restricted water diffusion, and increased signal intensity in opposed phase images.

We discuss the genetic, histologic, clinical, and radiological aspects of these tumors in which radiologists play a fundamental role in management.

Keywords:
Papillary renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma
Hereditary neoplastic syndromes
Multidetector computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasonography
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Incidental findings
Clinical decision making
Resumen

El carcinoma papilar es el segundo renal en frecuencia. Su pronóstico es mejor que el del más frecuente carcinoma de células claras, aunque no en casos avanzados al no existir terapias específicas.

Se presenta como un tumor periférico circunscrito (pequeño y homogéneamente sólido o mayor quístico-hemorrágico) o como una lesión infiltrante e invasora de venas, con peor pronóstico.

Por su baja densidad vascular, el realce es menor que en otras neoplasias renales, lo que facilita su caracterización. En tomografía computarizada puede no realzar de manera concluyente, y entonces es indistinguible de un quiste hiperatenuante. La ecografía con contraste y la resonancia magnética son más sensibles para detectar vascularización. Son además característicos un patrón vascular específico, hipointensidad en T2, restricción de la difusión del agua y aumento de señal en fase opuesta.

Nuestro objetivo es presentar los aspectos genéticos, histológicos, clínicos y radiológicos de estas neoplasias, en cuyo manejo tiene un papel fundamental el radiólogo.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma papilar de células renales
Carcinoma de células renales
Carcinoma papilar
Síndromes neoplásicos hereditarios
Tomografía computarizada multidetector
Imagen por resonancia magnética
Ecografía
Ecografía con contraste
Hallazgos incidentales
Toma clínica de decisiones

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