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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 134-145 (January 2011)
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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 134-145 (January 2011)
Review and update about medulloblastoma in children
Meduloblastoma pediátrico, revisión y puesta al día
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M.I. Martínez León
Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant CNS tumor in children. Although all medulloblastomas are classified as grade IV lesions, the wide histological and molecular variation among these tumors means that the risk and prognosis involved also vary widely. Imaging studies are important not only because the initial diagnostic evaluation indicates what type of surgery will be performed and has prognostic value, but also because it influences the postoperative treatment approach, providing, among other details, information about the dissemination of disease and remnants of the tumor after surgery, which are both risk factors in medulloblastomas. Improvements in our understanding of the biological and molecular characteristics of medulloblastoma promise a dramatic change in the accuracy of staging and treatment of this tumor in the near future that are sure to bring about further improvements in survival.

Keywords:
Medulloblastoma
Pediatrics
Central nervous system tumors
Magnetic resonance imaging
Resumen

El meduloblastoma es el tumor maligno más frecuente del SNC en pediatría. Presenta una variabilidad histológica y molecular tan importante que hace que, aunque todos los tipos de meduloblastoma se clasifiquen como grado IV, el riesgo y el pronóstico de los mismos sean muy amplios. Las pruebas de imagen son importantes no sólo porque la valoración diagnóstica inicial indica el tipo de cirugía a realizar, que presenta un valor pronóstico, sino para el planteamiento terapéutico posterior, teniendo en cuenta que determinan, entre otras, la diseminación y el resto tumoral posquirúrgico, factores de riesgo en este tumor. Una mejor comprensión de las características biológicas y moleculares del meduloblastoma promete un cambio dramático hacia la precisión en la estadificación y el tratamiento tumoral en un futuro próximo, favoreciendo aún más la actual mejora de la supervivencia.

Palabras clave:
Meduloblastoma
Pediatría
Tumores del SNC
Resonancia magnética

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