metricas

Radiología (English Edition)

Suggestions
Radiología (English Edition) Pulmonary CT angiography in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison ...
Journal Information
Vol. 65. Issue 3.
Pages 193-288 (May - June 2023)
Cite
Cite
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
2566
Vol. 65. Issue 3.
Pages 193-288 (May - June 2023)
Original articles

Pulmonary CT angiography in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison between patients with and without infection and with a pre-pandemic series

Angio-TC pulmonar durante la pandemia de COVID-19: comparación en pacientes con y sin la infección y con una serie prepandémica
Visits
2566
J.M. Castro Garcíaa,b,
Corresponding author
jose_miguel2552@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J.J. Arenas-Jiméneza,b,c, A. Ureña-Vacasa, E. García-Garrigósa,b, P. Sirera-Sirerad
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
c Departamento de Patología y Cirugía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
d Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Background and aims

To analyze the diagnostic performance of pulmonary CT angiography and to compare different D-dimer cutoffs for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analysed all consecutive pulmonary CT angiography studies done for suspected pulmonary embolism in a tertiary hospital during two time periods: the first December 2020 through February 2021 and the second December 2017 through February 2018. D-dimer levels were obtained less than 24 h before the pulmonary CT angiography studies. We analysed the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), and pattern of pulmonary embolism for six different values of D-dimer and the extent of the embolism. During the pandemic period, we also analysed whether the patients had COVID-19.

Results

After excluding 29 poor-quality studies, 492 studies were analysed; 352 of these were done during the pandemic, 180 in patients with COVID-19 and 172 in patients without COVID-19. The absolute frequency of pulmonary embolism diagnosed was higher during the pandemic period (34 cases during the prior period and 85 during the pandemic; 47 of these patients had COVID-19). No significant differences were found in comparing the AUCs for the D-dimer values. The optimum values calculated for the receiver operating characteristic curves differed between patients with COVID-19 (2200 mcg/l), without COVID-19 (4800 mcg/l), and diagnosed in the prepandemic period (3200 mcg/l). Peripheral distribution of the emboli was more common in patients with COVID-19 (72%) than in those without COVID-19 and than in those diagnosed before the pandemic [OR 6.6, 95% CI: 1.5–24.6, p < 0.05 when compared to central distribution].

Conclusions

The number of CT angiography studies and the number of pulmonary embolisms diagnosed during the pandemic increased due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The optimal d-dimer cutoffs and the distribution of the pulmonary embolisms differed between the groups of patients with and without COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Pulmonary embolism
Fibrinogen degradation products
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

Analizar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la angio-TC pulmonar y comparar distintos valores de corte del dímero-D para el diagnóstico de tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) aguda en pacientes con y sin infección por SARS-CoV-2.

Materiales y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de todas las angio-TC pulmonares realizadas consecutivamente por sospecha de TEP en un hospital de tercer nivel durante 2 periodos distintos. El primero de diciembre del 2020 a febrero del 2021 y el segundo de diciembre del 2017 a febrero del 2018. Se recogieron los resultados del dímero-D durante las 24 h previas a la realización de las angio-TC pulmonares, así como el resultado de estas últimas para todos los pacientes incluidos. Se analizaron la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos, área bajo la curva (AUC) y patrón de tromboembolia para 6 valores distintos del dímero-D y la extensión del tromboembolia. Durante el periodo de la pandemia se registró si los pacientes tenían enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2.

Resultados

Tras desestimar 29 estudios de baja calidad, se incluyeron 492 para el análisis. De ellos, 352 fueron realizados durante la pandemia; 180 en enfermos con COVID-19 y 172 sin la enfermedad. La frecuencia absoluta de TEP diagnosticados durante la pandemia fue mayor (34 durante el periodo previo a la pandemia y 85 durante la pandemia, correspondiendo 47 de este último grupo a pacientes con COVID-19). No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar el AUC para los valores del dímero-D. Los valores óptimos calculados a partir de las curvas ROC fueron distintos (2.200, 4.800 y 3.200 µg/l en pacientes con COVID-19, sin COVID-19 y en diagnosticados durante el periodo prepandemia, respectivamente). La distribución periférica de los trombos fue más frecuente en pacientes con COVID-19 (72%), respecto a los pacientes sin COVID-19 y los diagnosticados antes de la pandemia, con un OR de 6,6, IC del 95%: 1,5–24,6 (p < 0,05) al compararla con la distribución central.

Conclusiones

El número de angio-TC realizadas y TEP diagnosticados durante la pandemia aumentó debido a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Los valores de corte del dímero-D óptimos y la distribución del TEP fueron distintos en los grupos con y sin COVID-19.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Tromboembolia pulmonar
Productos de degradación del fibrinógeno

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Radiología (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
References
[1]
B. Bikdeli, M.V. Madhavan, D. Jimenez, T. Chuich, I. Dreyfus, E. Driggin, et al.
COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 75 (2020), pp. 2950-2973
[2]
F. De Cobelli, D. Palumbo, F. Ciceri, G. Landoni, A. Ruggeri, P. Rovere-Querini, et al.
Pulmonary vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 pneumonia.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 35 (2021), pp. 3631-3641
[3]
D. Jiménez, A. García-Sanchez, P. Rali, A. Muriel, B. Bikdeli, P. Ruiz-Artacho, et al.
Incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chest, 159 (2021), pp. 1182-1196
[4]
A. Gervaise, C. Bouzad, E. Peroux, C. Helissey.
Acute pulmonary embolism in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients referred to CTPA by emergency department.
Eur Radiol, 30 (2020), pp. 6170-6177
[5]
R.P. Rosovsky, C. Grodzin, R. Channick, G.A. Davis, J.S. Giri, J. Horowitz, et al.
Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a position paper from the National PERT Consortium.
Chest, 158 (2020), pp. 2590-2601
[6]
A.R. Bass, K.G. Fields, R. Goto, G. Turissini, S. Dey, L.A. Russell.
Clinical decision rules for pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Thromb Haemost, 117 (2017), pp. 2176-2185
[7]
G. Lippi, E.J. Favaloro.
D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis.
Thromb Haemost, 120 (2020), pp. 876-878
[8]
D.A. Korevaar, J. Van Es.
Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: D-dimer threshold selection should not be based on maximising Youden’s index.
Eur Respir J, 57 (2021),
[9]
M.P. Revel, A.P. Parkar, H. Prosch, M. Silva, N. Sverzellati, F. Gleeson, et al.
COVID-19 patients and the radiology department—advice from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI).
Eur Radiol, 30 (2020), pp. 4903-4909
[10]
I. Léonard-Lorant, X. Delabranche, F. Séverac, J. Helms, C. Pauzet, O. Collange, et al.
Acute pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 at CT angiography and relationship to D-dimer levels.
Radiology, 296 (2020), pp. E189-E191
[11]
F.A. Klok, M. Kruip, N. van der Meer, M.S. Arbous, D. Gommers, K.M. Kant, et al.
Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19.
Thromb Res, 191 (2020), pp. 145-147
[12]
M.B. Whyte, P.A. Kelly, E. Gonzalez, R. Arya, L.N. Roberts.
Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
[13]
S. Ventura-Díaz, J.V. Quintana-Pérez, A. Gil-Boronat, M. Herrero-Huertas, L. Gorospe-Sarasúa, J. Montilla, et al.
A higher D-dimer threshold for predicting pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.
Emerg Radiol, 27 (2020), pp. 679-689
[14]
C. Wittram, M.M. Maher, A.J. Yoo, M.K. Kalra, J.A. Shepard, T.C. McLoud.
CT angiography of pulmonary embolism: diagnostic criteria and causes of misdiagnosis.
Radiographics, 24 (2004), pp. 1219-1238
[15]
F. Bompard, H. Monnier, I. Saab, M. Tordjman, H. Abdoul, L. Fournier, et al.
Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Eur Respir J, 56 (2020),
[16]
C. Kearon, K. de Wit, S. Parpia, S. Schulman, M. Afilalo, A. Hirsch, et al.
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with D-dimer adjusted to clinical probability.
N Engl J Med, 381 (2019), pp. 2125-2134
[17]
J. Poissy, J. Goutay, M. Caplan, E. Parmentier, T. Duburcq, F. Lassalle, et al.
Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: awareness of an increased prevalence.
Circulation, 142 (2020), pp. 184-186
[18]
M.P. Revel, N. Beeker, R. Porcher, L. Jilet, L. Fournier, B. Rance, et al.
What level of D-dimers can safely exclude pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department?.
Eur Radiol, 32 (2022), pp. 2704-2712
[19]
R.M. Kwee, H.J.A. Adams, T.C. Kwee.
Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 and value of D-dimer assessment: a meta-analysis.
Eur Radiol, 31 (2021), pp. 8168-8186
[20]
K. Schulz, L. Mao, J. Kanne.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography utilization in the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic.
J Thorac Imaging, 37 (2022), pp. 225-230
[21]
T. Boeken, A. Le Berre, A. Mebazaa, I. Boulay-Coletta, J. Hodel, M. Zins.
Non-COVID-19 emergencies: where have all the patients gone?.
Eur Radiol, 30 (2020), pp. 5220-5221
[22]
M. Kaminetzky, W. Moore, K. Fansiwala, J.S. Babb, D. Kaminetzky, L.I. Horwitz, et al.
Pulmonary embolism at CT pulmonary angiography in patients with COVID-19.
Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging, 2 (2020),
[23]
M. Loffi, V. Regazzoni, M. Toselli, A. Cereda, A. Palmisano, D. Vignale, et al.
Incidence and characterization of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a multicenter Italian experience.
PLoS One, 16 (2021),
[24]
B. Mouhat, M. Besutti, K. Bouiller, F. Grillet, C. Monnin, F. Ecarnot, et al.
Elevated D-dimers and lack of anticoagulation predict PE in severe COVID-19 patients.
Eur Respir J, 56 (2020),
[25]
M.W.X. Ooi, A. Rajai, R. Patel, N. Gerova, V. Godhamgaonkar, S.Y. Liong.
Pulmonary thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients on CT pulmonary angiography—prevalence, pattern of disease and relationship to D-dimer.
Eur J Radiol, 132 (2020),
[26]
B. Planquette, A. le Berre, L. Khider, A. Yannoutsos, N. Gendron, M. de Torcy, et al.
Prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary embolism in 1042 COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms: a nested case-control study.
[27]
F.S. Taccone, P.A. Gevenois, L. Peluso, Z. Pletchette, O. Lheureux, A. Brasseur, et al.
Higher intensity thromboprophylaxis regimens and pulmonary embolism in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
Crit Care Med, 48 (2020), pp. e1087-90
[28]
A. Alonso-Fernández, N. Toledo-Pons, B.G. Cosío, A. Millán, N. Calvo, L. Ramón, et al.
Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: a prospective study.
PLoS One, 15 (2020),
[29]
J. Helms, C. Tacquard, F. Severac, I. Leonard-Lorant, M. Ohana, X. Delabranche, et al.
High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study.
Intensive Care Med, 46 (2020), pp. 1089-1098
[30]
C. Lodigiani, G. Iapichino, L. Carenzo, M. Cecconi, P. Ferrazzi, T. Sebastian, et al.
Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy.
[31]
S.F. Lax, K. Skok, P. Zechner, H.H. Kessler, N. Kaufmann, C. Koelblinger, et al.
Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 with fatal outcome: Results from a prospective, single-center, clinicopathologic case series.
Ann Intern Med, 173 (2020), pp. 350-361
asdasdasd
Article options
Tools