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Vol. 65. Issue 3.
Pages 200-212 (May - June 2023)
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Vol. 65. Issue 3.
Pages 200-212 (May - June 2023)
Original article
Pulmonary artery obstruction index, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricle strain as prognostic CT findings in patient with acute pulmonary embolism
Índice de obstrucción de la arteria pulmonar, diámetro de la arteria pulmonar y strain del ventrículo derecho como hallazgos pronósticos de la tomografía computarizada en el paciente con embolia pulmonar aguda
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S. Hajiahmadia, F. Tabeshb, A. Shayganfara, F. Shiranic,
Corresponding author
fshirani71@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, S. Ebrahimiand
a Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
b Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
c Resident, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
d Postdoctoral researcher, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Predictive value of the cutoff point of 18 for PAOI in detecting patients susceptible to long-term pulmonary embolism complications.
Table 2. The mean±SD of PAOI in different follow-up echocardiographic indices.
Table 3. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of RV strain and PAD in detecting patients susceptible to long-term pulmonary embolism complications.
Table 4. OR for CTA indices in prediction of right heart echocardiographic abnormalities development in echocardiography.
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Abstract
Objective

This study was designed to determine predictors of pulmonary hypertension and signs of right heart dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) that may lead to early detection of high-risk patients. So the predictive value of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), measured by pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) in the acute setting, in predicting the patients susceptible to PE cardiac complications was evaluated. Also two other PCTA indices, pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), and right ventricle (RV) strain, in these patients were investigated and their predictive value for cardiac complications on follow up echocardiography were demonstrated.

Materials and methods

In the study 120 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE were included. The PAOI, PAD and RV strain were measured using PCTA at the time of the initial diagnosis. Transthoracic echocardiography was done 6 months after the diagnosis of PE and RV echocardiographic indices were measured. Pearson correlation was used to investigate correlation between PAOI, PAD, RV strain and signs of right heart dysfunction.

Results

PAOI was strongly correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) (r=0.83), RV systolic pressure (r=0.78) and RV wall thickness (r=0.61) in long-term follow up echocardiography. A higher rate of RV dysfunction and RV dilation was detected among the patients with higher PAOI (P<0.001). PAOI18 was strongly predictive for development of RV dysfunction. Also developments of pulmonary hypertension, RV systolic hypertension, RV dilation, RV dysfunction, and RV hypertrophy were significantly more common among patients with higher PAD and RV strain (P<0.001).

Conclusions

PAOI, PAD and RV strain are sensitive and specific PCTA indices that can predict the development of long-term complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction, at the time of initial PE diagnosis.

Keywords:
Pulmonary embolism
Computed tomography angiography
Echocardiography
Pulmonary hypertension
Resumen
Objetivo

Este estudio fue diseñado para determinar los predictores de la hipertensión pulmonar y los signos de disfunción cardíaca derecha causados por la embolia pulmonar (EP) que pueden conducir a la detección temprana de los pacientes de alto riesgo. Por lo tanto, se evaluó el valor predictivo del índice de obstrucción de la arteria pulmonar (IOAP), medido mediante angiografía pulmonar por TC (APTC) en el contexto agudo, para predecir los pacientes susceptibles de sufrir complicaciones cardíacas por EP. También se investigaron otros dos índices de APTC, el diámetro de la arteria pulmonar (DAP) y el strain del ventrículo derecho (VD), en estos pacientes y se demostró su valor predictivo de las complicaciones cardíacas en la ecocardiografía de seguimiento.

Materiales y métodos

En el estudio fueron incluidos 120 pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo de EP. El IOAP, el DAP y el strain del VD se midieron mediante APTC en el momento del diagnóstico inicial. Se realizó una ecocardiografía transtorácica 6 meses después del diagnóstico de EP y se midieron los índices ecocardiográficos del VD. Se utilizó la correlación de Pearson para investigar la correlación entre IOAP, DAP, strain del VD y los signos de disfunción del hemicardio derecho.

Resultados

El IOAP estaba fuertemente correlacionado con la presión arterial pulmonar sistólica (PAPS) (r=0,83), la presión sistólica del VD (r=0,78) y el grosor de la pared del VD (r=0,61) en la ecocardiografía de seguimiento a largo plazo. Se detectó una mayor tasa de disfunción del VD y de dilatación del VD entre los pacientes con mayor IOAP (p<0,001). Un IOAP18 fue claramente predictivo del desarrollo de la disfunción del VD. También la evolución de la hipertensión pulmonar, la hipertensión sistólica del VD, la dilatación del VD, la disfunción del VD y la hipertrofia del VD fueron significativamente más frecuentes entre los pacientes con mayor DAP y strain del VD (p<0,001).

Conclusiones

El IOAP, el DAP y el strain del VD son índices de APTC sensibles y específicos que pueden predecir el desarrollo de complicaciones a largo plazo, como la hipertensión pulmonar y la disfunción cardíaca derecha, en el momento del diagnóstico inicial de la EP.

Palabras clave:
Embolia pulmonar
Angiografía por tomografía computarizada
Ecocardiografía
Hipertensión pulmonar

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