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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) PET-CT in presurgical lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: The impo...
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 147-158 (March - April 2017)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 147-158 (March - April 2017)
Original report
PET-CT in presurgical lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: The importance of false-negative and false-positive findings
La PET-TC en la estadificación ganglionar prequirúrgica del carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas: implicación de los falsos negativos y falsos positivos
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A. Bustos García de Castroa,
Corresponding author
abustos.hcsc@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, J. Ferreirós Domíngueza, R. Delgado Boltonb, C. Fernández Pérezc, B. Cabeza Martíneza, M. García García-Esquinasa, J.L. Carreras Delgadod
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagen y Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (9)
Table 1. Description of studied patients (n=113).
Table 2. Characteristics of tumors (n=120).
Table 3. Value of the PET-CT in lymph node staging.
Table 4. Value of the PET-CT in lymph node staging based on visual criteria (The questionable cases were taken as positives).
Table 5. Value of the PET-CT in lymph node staging (>1cm or SUVmax >2.5).
Table 6. Value of the PET-CT in lymph node staging in patients with no prior neadjuvant therapy.
Table 7. Diagnosis per lymph node station, effectiveness of the 18F-FDG PET-CT scan.
Table 8. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with false negatives when compared to true negatives.
Table 9. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with false negatives when compared to true negatives.
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Abstract
Objective

To assess the importance of false-negative and false-positive findings in computed tomography (CT) and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in mediastinal lymph node staging in patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material and methods

This retrospective study included 113 consecutive patients and 120 resected NSCLCs; 22 patients received neoadjuvant treatment. We compared the findings on preoperative 18F-FDG PET-CT studies with the postoperative pathology findings. Lymph node size and primary tumor size were measured with CT, and lymph nodes and primary tumors were evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively (using standardized uptake values (SUVmax)) with PET.

Results

Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 26 (21.7%) of the 120 tumors and in 41 (7.7%) of the 528 lymph node stations analyzed. 18F-FDG PET-CT yielded 53.8% sensitivity, 76.6% specificity, 38.9% positive predictive value, 85.7% negative predictive value, and 71.7% diagnostic accuracy. The false-negative rate was 14.2%. Multivariable analysis found that the factors associated with false-negative findings were a moderate degree of differentiation in the primary tumor (p=0.005) and an SUVmax of the primary tumor >4 (p=0.027). The false-positive rate was 61.1%, and the multivariable analysis found that lymph node size >1cm was associated with false-positive findings (p<0.001).

Conclusions

In mediastinal lymph node staging in patients with NSCLC, 18F-FDG PET-CT improves the specificity and negative predictive value and helps clinicians to select the patients that will benefit from surgery. Given the high rate of false positives, histological confirmation of positive cases is recommendable.

Keywords:
Non-small cell lung cancer
Positron emission tomography
Helical computed tomography
Multimodality imaging
Tumor staging
Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar las implicaciones de los falsos negativos (FN) y de los falsos positivos (FP) de la tomografía computarizada (TC) y la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con fluorodesoxiglucosa (18F-FDG) en nuestro medio en la estadificación ganglionar mediastínica de pacientes operados de carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP).

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 113 pacientes consecutivos con 120 CPCNP operados; 22 pacientes recibieron tratamiento neoadyuvante. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos en la 18F-FDG PET-TC prequirúrgica con los patológicos. Se analizaron el tamaño ganglionar y del tumor primario en la TC, y su valoración cualitativa y semicuantitativa (SUVmáx) en la PET.

Resultados

Se encontraron ganglios metastásicos en el 21,7% de los 120 tumores y en el 7,7% de las 528 estaciones ganglionares analizadas. La 18F-FDG PET-TC en el estudio por tumor mostró una sensibilidad del 53,8%, una especificidad del 76,6%, un valor predictivo positivo del 38,9%, un valor predictivo negativo del 85,7% y una precisión diagnóstica del 71,7%. La tasa de FN fue del 14,2%. El análisis multivariable mostró que un grado de diferenciación moderado del tumor primario (p = 0,005) y una SUVmáx del tumor primario >4 (p = 0,027) eran los factores asociados con los FN. La tasa de FP fue del 61,1% y el tamaño ganglionar >1cm era el factor asociado con los FP (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

La 18F-FDG PET-TC en la estadificación ganglionar mediastínica de pacientes con CPCNP mejora la especificidad y el valor predictivo negativo, y ayuda al clínico a seleccionar los pacientes que se beneficiarán de la cirugía. Dada la elevada tasa de FP, es recomendable que, antes de excluir a pacientes de la cirugía, se confirmen histológicamente los casos positivos.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas
Tomografía por emisión de positrones
Tomografía computarizada helicoidal
Imagen multimodalidad
Estadificación tumoral

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