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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 496-503 (November - December 2018)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 496-503 (November - December 2018)
Original article
Evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas by contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Valoración del carcinoma urotelial de vías superiores mediante ecografía con contraste
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27
A.A. Painel Seguel
Corresponding author
apainel@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M.J. Martínez Pérez, T. Ripollés González, D.P. Gómez, J. Vizuete del Río, G. Martín Benítez
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
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Table 1. Characteristics of the ultrasound contrast agent enhancement of upper tract urothelial tumors based on the histological tumor grade.
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Abstract
Aim

To describe the findings and behaviour of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the study of upper tract urothelial tumours and to assess its usefulness for diagnosis.

Material and methods

We reviewed our hospital's database over a period of 45 months to identify patients diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinomas. We reviewed the findings on mode B-ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (location and qualitative assessment of intensity and washout of enhancement), and made a comparison with other techniques (computed tomography or magnetic resonance), and with the surgical specimen.

Results

We found 42 patients with a diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma confirmed with surgery over the period reviewed. Twenty-eight (67%) patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Baseline ultrasound showed hydronephrosis with or without ureteral dilatation with echogenic content occupying the renal calyx (6), pelvis (10) or ureter (12). After injection of contrast, enhancement was noticed in 100% of the lesions, with similar intensity to the cortex in 23, and less in 5. Twenty-four lesions showed early washout, before the cortex, between 40 and 55s after the injection. The diagnosis was correct in 27 cases. Localisation coincided with the histological specimen in 28 cases, and 3 patients had additional distal carcinoma foci.

Conclusion

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a useful technique for diagnosing upper tract urothelial tumours that increases confidence in the diagnosis.

Keywords:
Transitional cell carcinoma
Ureter
Upper urinary tract
Contrast agents
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Microbubbles
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir los hallazgos y el comportamiento de la ecografía con contraste en el estudio de los tumores uroteliales de vías superiores y evaluar su utilidad en el diagnóstico.

Material y métodos

Se revisa la base de datos de nuestro hospital en un periodo de 45 meses para identificar los pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma urotelial de vías altas. Se revisan los hallazgos en la ecografía en modo B, ecografía con contraste (localización y valoración cualitativa de la intensidad y del lavado del realce) y se comparan con otras técnicas (tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética) y con la pieza quirúrgica.

Resultados

En el periodo revisado se encontraron 42 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma urotelial de vías superiores confirmados con cirugía. Veintiocho (67%) pacientes tenían ecografía con contraste. La ecografía basal mostró hidronefrosis con o sin dilatación ureteral con ocupación por contenido ecogénico en cáliz renal (6), pelvis (10) o uréter (12). Tras la inyección de contraste se objetivó realce en el 100% de las lesiones, con intensidad similar a la cortical en 23 y menor en 5. Veinticuatro lesiones mostraron lavado precoz, antes que la cortical, entre los 40 y 55 segundos de la inyección. El diagnóstico fue correcto en 27 casos. La localización coincidió con la pieza histológica en 28 casos y 3 pacientes tenían focos de carcinoma distales adicionales.

Conclusión

La ecografía con contraste es una técnica útil para el diagnóstico de tumor urotelial de vías altas que aumenta la confianza en el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de células transicionales
Uréter
Tracto urinario superior
Medios de contraste
Ecografía con contraste
Microburbujas

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