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Vol. 55. Issue 6.
Pages 505-513 (November - December 2013)
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Vol. 55. Issue 6.
Pages 505-513 (November - December 2013)
Original Report
Cortical and subcortical mapping of language areas: Correlation of functional MRI and tractography in a 3T scanner with intraoperative cortical and subcortical stimulation in patients with brain tumors located in eloquent areas
Mapa cortical y subcortical del lenguaje. Correlación de la resonancia magnética funcional y tractografía en 3T con la estimulación intraoperatoria cortical y subcortical en tumores cerebrales localizados en áreas elocuentes
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M. Jiménez de la Peñaa,
Corresponding author
cataldo@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, S. Gil Roblesb, M. Recio Rodrígueza, C. Ruiz Ocañab, V. Martínez de Vegaa
a Departamento de Diagnóstico por la Imagen, Hospital Universitario Quirón, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Quirón, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Correlated patients: clinical-radiologic findings.
Table 2. Cortical electrical stimulation.
Table 3. Subcortical electrical stimulation.
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Abstract
Objective

To describe the detection of cortical areas and subcortical pathways involved in language observed in MRI activation studies and tractography in a 3T MRI scanner and to correlate the findings of these functional studies with direct intraoperative cortical and subcortical stimulation.

Materials and methods

We present a series of 14 patients with focal brain tumors adjacent to eloquent brain areas. All patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation before and after surgery. All patients underwent MRI examination including structural sequences, perfusion imaging, spectroscopy, functional imaging to determine activation of motor and language areas, and 3D tractography. All patients underwent cortical mapping through cortical and subcortical stimulation during the operation to resect the tumor. Postoperative follow-up studies were done 24h after surgery.

Results

The correlation of motor function and of the corticospinal tract determined by functional MRI and tractography with intraoperative mapping of cortical and subcortical motor areas was complete. The eloquent brain areas of language expression and reception were strongly correlated with intraoperative cortical mapping in all but two cases (a high grade infiltrating glioma and a low grade glioma located in the frontal lobe). 3D tractography identified the arcuate fasciculus, the lateral part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the subcallosal fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the optic radiations, which made it possible to mark the limits of the resection. The correlation with the subcortical mapping of the anatomic arrangement of the fasciculi with respect to the lesions was complete.

Conclusion

The best treatment for brain tumors is maximum resection without associated deficits, so high quality functional studies are necessary for preoperative planning.

Keywords:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of language
Tractography
Electrical cortical mapping
Electrical subcortical mapping
Tumors
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir, con estudios funcionales de activación y tractografía en una RM de 3 Teslas (3T), las áreas corticales y vías subcorticales implicadas en el lenguaje, y mostrar la buena correlación de estos estudios funcionales con la estimulación directa cortical y subcortical intraoperatoria.

Material y métodos

Presentamos una serie de 14 pacientes con lesiones focales cerebrales junto a áreas elocuentes. Todos los pacientes se evaluaron neuropsicológicamente antes y después de la cirugía, se estudiaron con RM con secuencias estructurales, de perfusión, espectroscopia, resonancia magnética funcional y del lenguaje y tractografía 3D, y se sometieron a un mapeo cortical de estimulación cortical y subcortical y resección de la lesión. Se hizo un control posquirúrgico a las 24h.

Resultados

La correlación funcional motora y del haz corticoespinal con el mapeo intraoperatorio cortical y subcortical motor fue completa. Las áreas elocuentes del lenguaje expresivo y del lenguaje receptivo presentaron una alta correlación con el mapeo cortical intraoperatorio en todos los casos menos 2, un glioma infiltrativo de alto grado y un glioma de bajo grado frontal. La tractografía 3D identificó los fascículos arcuato, frontoparietal, subcalloso, frontooccipital inferior y las radiaciones ópticas, lo que permitió marcar los límites de la resección. La correlación con el mapeo subcortical en la disposición anatómica de los fascículos con respecto a las lesiones, fue completa.

Conclusión

La máxima resección tumoral sin déficits asociados es el mejor tratamiento posible ante un tumor cerebral, lo que resalta la necesidad de estudios funcionales de alta calidad en la planificación prequirúrgica.

Palabras clave:
Resonancia magnética funcional
Resonancia magnética funcional del lenguaje
Tractografía
Mapeo eléctrico cortical
Mapeo eléctrico subcortical
Tumores

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