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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and other diseases associated with thiamine defici...
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Vol. 158. Issue 9.
Pages 431-436 (May 2022)
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Vol. 158. Issue 9.
Pages 431-436 (May 2022)
Review
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and other diseases associated with thiamine deficiency
Síndrome de Wernicke–Korsakoff y otras patologías asociadas al déficit de tiamina
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5
Ana-María Mateos-Díaza, Miguel Marcosb, Antonio-Javier Chamorrob,
Corresponding author
ajchamorro@usal.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen del Puerto. Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Disorders related to thiamine deficiency and its mechanism.
Table 2. Symptoms related to Wernicke's encephalopathy.11
Table 3. Diseases associated with thiamine deficiency.
Table 4. Wernicke's encephalopathy. Criteria of Caine et al.22
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Abstract

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome is the best known consequence of thiamine deficiency, frequently associated with patients with chronic and excessive alcohol consumption, but it can be produced by any cause that produces thiamine deficiency.

The disease is underdiagnosed so it is essential to have a high clinical suspicion, mainly in patients who do not have alcohol consumption as a risk factor. For this, the diagnosis continues to be eminently clinical, with the difficulty of high clinical variability. Complementary tests are used to support the diagnosis and rule out other causes that can produce similar symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging being the most cost-effective imaging test.

Treatment is based on the administration of thiamine, which should be started early, and parenterally at the appropriate doses, in all patients with compatible symptoms, without waiting to confirm the diagnosis.

Keywords:
Deficiency
Thiamine
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome
Beriberi
Resumen

El síndrome de Wernicke–Korsakoff es la consecuencia más conocida del déficit de tiamina, asociada frecuentemente a pacientes con un consumo crónico y excesivo de alcohol, pero puede ser producida por cualquier causa que produzca déficit de tiamina.

La enfermedad está infradiagnosticada por lo que es fundamental tener una alta sospecha clínica, principalmente en los pacientes que no presentan consumo de alcohol como factor de riesgo. El diagnóstico sigue siendo eminentemente clínico, con la dificultad de una elevada variabilidad clínica. Las pruebas complementarias sirven para apoyar el diagnóstico y descartar otras causas que puedan producir sintomatología similar, siendo la resonancia magnética la prueba de imagen más rentable.

El tratamiento se basa en la administración de tiamina, que debe iniciarse precozmente, y de forma parenteral a las dosis adecuadas, en todos los pacientes con clínica compatible, sin esperar a confirmar el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
Déficit
Tiamina
Encefalopatía de Wernicke
Síndrome de Korsakoff
Beriberi

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