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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) The hemodynamic effects of diazepam versus dexmedetomidine in the treatment of a...
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Vol. 157. Issue 12.
Pages 561-568 (December 2021)
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Vol. 157. Issue 12.
Pages 561-568 (December 2021)
Original article
The hemodynamic effects of diazepam versus dexmedetomidine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Efectos hemodinámicos del diazepam versus la dexmedetomidina en el tratamiento del síndrome de abstinencia del alcohol: ensayo clínico aleatorizado
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Nayely García-Méndeza,d,
Corresponding author
ayeyigmendez@comunidad.unam.mx

Corresponding author.
, Miguel Briceño-Santanab, Armando Totomoch-Serrac, Carlos Manterolaa,c, Tamara Otzena,c, Patricia Solis Valdeze, Ramón Campos-Duránd, Guillermo Careaga Reynad
a PhD Program in Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
b Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Agustín O’Horán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
c Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
d Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
e Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tables (3)
Table 1. CIWA-Ar score: CIWA-Ar for alcohol withdrawal.
Table 2. Clinical applications dexmedetomidine.
Table 3. Characteristics of patients treated with diazepam or dexmedetomidine.
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Abstract
Background

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2 adrenergic drug used for short sedation and as an alternative to diazepam (DZP) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Purpose

This study aims to compare the hemodynamic effect of DZP versus DEX on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in patients with AWS.

Methods

Prospective randomized clinical trial that includes 40 patients with AWS from Mérida, Yucatán, México.

Results

Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group DZP (n=20) patients received diazepam (doses 5–20mg IV) and the other group (n=20) received DEX (dexmedetomidine infusion .2–.7mcg/kg/min). We obtained statistical significance in sedation with the DEX group in the degree of traumatic brain injury I/II (p=.003). The DEX group remained haemodynamically stable in the first 24h, the mean HR (73.85±8.39) was significant comparing both groups (p=.002). In the comparison of the figures for the DEX group with the DZP (143.85±2.30–137.95±5.62) the SBP was significant with a (p=.0001). Furthermore, DEX treatment was shorter.

Conclusion

Although DEX is not indicated for the routine treatment of AWS, this study proposes a positive effect on HR, SBP and fewer days of treatment compared to the standard DZP treatment for AWS.

Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT03877120https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03877120.

Keywords:
Alcohol withdrawal delirium
Alcohol withdrawal seizures
Substance withdrawal syndrome
Dexmedetomidine
Benzodiazepines
Resumen
Antecedentes

La dexmedetomidina (DEX) es un fármaco alfa-2 adrenérgico, utilizado para la sedación corta y como alternativa al diazepam (DZP) en el tratamiento por síndrome de abstinencia por alcohol.

Objetivos

Comparar el efecto hemodinámico del DZP versus la DEX en la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y la presión arterial en pacientes con síndrome de abstinencia del alcohol.

Métodos

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado prospectivo en 40 pacientes con síndrome de abstinencia de alcohol, del Hospital General Agustín O’Horán Mérida, Yucatán, México.

Resultados

Cuarenta pacientes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: grupo DZP (n=20) recibió DZP n=20 (dosis: 5-20mg IV) y el otro grupo (n=20) recibió DEX (infusión de DEX: 0,2-0,7μg/kg/min). Obtuvimos significancia estadística en la sedación con el grupo de DEX en el grado de trauma craneoencefálico I/II (p=0,003). El grupo de DEX se mantuvo hemodinámicamente estable en las primeras 24h, la media FC (73; 85±8,39) fue significativa comparando ambos grupos (p=0,002). Las cifras de PAS para el grupo DEX comparada con DZP (143; 85±2; 30-137, 95±5,62) fue significativa con a (p=0,0001). Además, el tratamiento con DEX fue de menor duración.

Conclusión

Aunque DEX no está indicado para el tratamiento de rutina de AWS, este estudio propone un efecto positivo hemodinámicamente sobre la FC, la PAS y menos días de tratamiento en comparación con el tratamiento estándar de DZP para el tratamiento del síndrome de abstinencia del alcohol.

Palabras clave:
Delirium tremens
Convulsiones por abstinencia de alcohol
Síndrome de abstinencia al alcohol
Dexmedetomidina
Benzodiacepinas

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