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Vol. 160. Issue 11.
Pages 489-494 (June 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 11.
Pages 489-494 (June 2023)
Original article
Strong association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene InDel polymorphism and COVID-19 diseases
Fuerte asociación entre el polimorfismo InDel del gen de la enzima convesiva de angiotensina y las enfermedades por COVID-19
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Havva Çobanogullaria,e, Emine Unal Evrenb,e, Hakan Evrenb,e, Kaya Suerc,e, Ozlem Balcioglud,e, Mahmut Cerkez Ergorend,e,
Corresponding author
mahmutcerkez.ergoren@neu.edu.tr

Corresponding author.
a Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
b Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus
c Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
d Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
e Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Abstract
Background and Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in China in late 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. There is evidence that COVID-19 infection can be influenced by genetic variations in the host. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ACE InDel polymorphism and COVID-19 in Northern Cyprus.

Patients and methods

This study included 250 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 371 healthy controls. Genotyping for the ACE InDel gene polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The frequency of ACE DD homozygotes was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group (p=0.022). The difference in the presence of the D allele between the patient and control groups was statistically significant (57.2% and 50.67%, respectively, p<0.05). Individuals with the genotype II were found to have a higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 (p=0.011). In addition, chest radiographic findings were observed more frequently in individuals with the genotype DD compared to individuals with the genotypes ID and II (p=0.005). A statistically significant difference was found when the time of onset of symptoms for COVID-19 and duration of treatment were compared with participants’ genotypes (p=0.016 and p=0.014, respectively). The time of onset of COVID-19 was shorter in individuals with the genotype DD than in individuals with the genotype II, while the duration of treatment was longer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the ACE I/D polymorphism has the potential to predict the severity of COVID-19.

Keywords:
ACE I/D polymorphism
Genetic polymorphisms
COVID-19 infection
SARS-CoV-2
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

La pandemia de COVID-19 surgió en China a fines de 2019 y se extendió rápidamente por todo el mundo. Existe evidencia de que la infección por COVID-19 puede verse influenciada por variaciones genéticas en el huésped. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el polimorfismo ACE InDel y COVID-19 en el norte de Chipre.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyeron 250 pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 y 371 controles sanos. El genotipado del polimorfismo del gen ACE InDel se realizó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.

Resultados

La frecuencia de homocigotos ACE DD aumentó significativamente en pacientes con COVID-19 en comparación con el grupo de control (p=0,022). La diferencia en la presencia del alelo D entre los grupos de pacientes y control fue estadísticamente significativa (57,2% y 50,67%, respectivamente, p<0,05). Las personas con el genotipo II tenían un mayor riesgo de COVID-19 sintomático (p=0,011). Además, los hallazgos radiográficos de tórax se observaron con mayor frecuencia en individuos con el genotipo DD en comparación con los individuos con los genotipos ID y II (p=0,005). Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa cuando se comparó el tiempo de aparición de los síntomas de COVID-19 y la duración del tratamiento con los genotipos de los participantes (p=0,016 y p=0,014, respectivamente). El tiempo de aparición de COVID-19 fue más corto en individuos con genotipoDD que en individuos con genotipoII, mientras que la duración del tratamiento fue más prolongada.

Conclusiones

El polimorfismo ACE I/D podría predecir la gravedad de la COVID-19.

Palabras clave:
Polimorfismo ACE I/D
Polimorfismos genéticos
Infección por COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2

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