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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Residual lesions on chest-Xray after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Identification of ris...
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Vol. 158. Issue 9.
Pages 418-421 (May 2022)
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Vol. 158. Issue 9.
Pages 418-421 (May 2022)
Brief report
Residual lesions on chest-Xray after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Identification of risk factors
Lesiones residuales en radiografía simple de tórax tras neumonía por SARS-CoV-2: identificación de factores de riesgo
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Helena Gómez Herreroa,
Corresponding author
hgomezhe@cfnavarra.es

Corresponding author.
, Arkaitz Galbeteb, Begoña Álvarez Galvána, Pilar Caballero Garcíaa, Iván Vicaría Fernándeza
a Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
b Navarrabiomed-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, REDISSEC, Pamplona, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Association of risk factors with the existence of residual lesions. Univariate and multivariate analysis.
Table 2. Association treatments with the existence of residual lesionsa.
Table 3. Association of treatments with the existence of residual lesions. Risk-adjusted effect.
Table 4. Association of radiological factors and delayed symptoms with the existence of residual lesions.
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Abstract
Introduction

COVID-19 pneumonia is the most frequent clinical manifestation of this disease, and its long-term sequelae and possible progression to pulmonary fibrosis are still unknown. The aim of this study is a mid-term review of the sequelae on plain chest radiography (CXR) in patients with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Patients and methods

Retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, assessing the persistence of residual lesions in the control CXR and analysing their possible relationship with epidemiological factors, risk factors, treatments received and initial radiological patterns.

Results

A total of 143 patients (52 women and 91 men) were analysed. Mean age was 64 years. Radiological complete resolution (CR) was observed in 104 (73%) and partial resolution (PR) in 39 (27%). Of the risk factors only age was significantly related to persistence of residual lesions (OR 1.06 CI95% (1.02,1.10). In relation to treatments, significant differences were found with tocilizumab and glucocorticoids, where treated patients had a higher risk of residual lesions (OR 2.44 (1.03,5.80) and 3.05(1.43,6.51) respectively. In the analysis of radiological patterns, significant differences were observed in patients with peripheral condensations in the acute course and a pattern of early radiological worsening. A clinical-radiological dissociation was evident: 83% of patients with residual lesions had no respiratory symptoms.

Discussion

COVID19 pneumonias may have a slower radiological resolution in older patients with certain initial radiological patterns, but the development of pulmonary fibrosis in these patients is still questionable.

Keywords:
Coronavirus disease
Lung fibrosis
Chest X-ray
Resumen
Introducción

La neumonía por la enfermedad por el coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) es la manifestación clínica más frecuente de esta afección, siendo aún desconocidas sus secuelas a largo plazo y la posible evolución a fibrosis pulmonar. El objetivo de este trabajo es una revisión a medio plazo de las secuelas en la radiografía simple de tórax (RxTx) de pacientes con diagnóstico previo de neumonía por la COVID-19.

Pacientes y métodos

Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía por la COVID-19 en la que hemos valorado la persistencia de lesiones residuales en la RxTx de control y hemos analizado su posible relación con factores epidemiológicos, factores de riesgo, tratamientos recibidos y patrones radiológicos iniciales.

Resultados

Se analizan 143 pacientes (52 mujeres y 91 hombres). Edad media de 64 años. Se objetivó una resolución completa (RC) radiológica en 104 (73%) y resolución parcial (RP) en 39 (27%). De los factores de riesgo sólo la edad se relacionó significativamente con la persistencia de lesiones residuales (OR 1.06 IC95% (1.02,1.10). En relación con los tratamientos se encontraron diferencias significativas con el tocilizumab y glucocorticoides, donde los pacientes tratados tenían más riesgo de lesiones residuales (OR 2.44 (1.03,5.80) y 3.05(1.43,6.51) respectivamente. En el análisis de los patrones radiológicos se observaron diferencias significativas en los pacientes que presentaban en la evolución aguda condensaciones periféricas y un patrón de empeoramiento radiológico precoz. Se evidenció una disociación clínico-radiológica: de los pacientes con lesiones residuales un 83% no tenían síntomas respiratorios.

Discusión

Las neumonías por COVID19 pueden tener una resolución radiológica más lenta en pacientes de mayor edad y con ciertos patrones radiológicos iniciales, pero el desarrollo de fibrosis pulmonar en estos pacientes es un hecho aún cuestionable.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad por coronavirus
Fibrosis pulmonar
Radiografía de tórax

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