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Vol. 154. Issue 9.
Pages 344-347 (May 2020)
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Vol. 154. Issue 9.
Pages 344-347 (May 2020)
Brief report
Predictive risk factors for autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with pernicious anemia
Factores predictivos de riesgo de enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes en pacientes con anemia perniciosa
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João Tadeu Damian Souto Filhoa,b,
Corresponding author
drjoaotadeu@yahoo.com.br

Corresponding author.
, Esther de Souza Beirala, Fernanda Santos Azevedoa, José Guilherme Rezende Ramos Salles Gonçalvesa, Liza Ingride Acha Kohlera, Sávio de Souza Guimarãesa
a Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
b Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
Table 2. Univariate and multivariate comparative analysis of risk factor for thyroid abnormalities.
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Abstract
Background

Patients with pernicious anemia (PA) have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the correlation between PA and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and evaluated the risk factors for this association.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted involving patients with PA between 2010 and 2017.

Results

A total of 86 patients with PA were evaluated, 74 (86%) female, with a median age of 51.5 years. Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 45 (52.3%) patients, including 28 (32.3%) hypothyroidism, 3 (3.5%) hyperthyroidism and 20 (23.3%) thyroperoxidase antibody positivity. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for having AITD in PA patients: weight loss (OR 12.03; 95% CI 1.06–137.02, P=0.045), diabetes mellitus (OR 4.68, 95% CI 1.15–26.58, P=0.047) and gastric antibodies positivity (OR 5.05, 95% CI 1.45–18.24, P=0.013).

Conclusion

PA and AITD are frequently associated, suggesting all patients with PA should be investigated for occult thyroid disease, especially those with weight loss, diabetes mellitus and gastric autoantibodies.

Keywords:
Pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Resumen
Antecedentes

Los pacientes con anemia perniciosa (AP) tienen una mayor prevalencia de otras enfermedades autoinmunes. Evaluamos la correlación entre AP y enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes (AITD), así como los factores de riesgo para esta asociación.

Métodos

Realizamos un estudio longitudinal que incluyó a pacientes con AP entre 2010 y 2017.

Resultados

Evaluamos a un total de 86 pacientes con AP, 74 (86%) mujeres, con una edad media de 51,5 años. Detectamos alteraciones tiroideas en 45 (52,3%) pacientes, incluyendo 28 (32,3%) casos de hipotiroidismo, 3 (3,5%) de hipertiroidismo y 20 (23,3%) de positividad para anticuerpos anti-tiroperoxidasa. El análisis de regresión logística identificó los factores de riesgo de padecer AITD en pacientes de AP: pérdida de peso (OR: 12,03; IC 95%: 1,06-137,02; p=0,045), diabetes mellitus (OR: 4,68; IC 95%: 1,15-26,58; p=0,047) y positividad frente a anticuerpos gástricos (OR: 5,05; IC 95%: 1,45-18,24; p=0,013).

Conclusión

AP y AITD están frecuentemente asociados, lo cual sugiere que deberían investigarse las enfermedades tiroideas ocultas en todos los pacientes con AP, especialmente aquellos con pérdida de peso, diabetes mellitus y auto-anticuerpos gástricos.

Palabras clave:
Anemia perniciosa
Vitamina B12
Enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes

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