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Vol. 149. Issue 3.
Pages 107-113 (August 2017)
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Vol. 149. Issue 3.
Pages 107-113 (August 2017)
Original article
Gamma globulin fraction of the proteinogram and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Fracción gamma del proteinograma y agudizaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
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Ramon Boixedaa,b,
Corresponding author
rboixeda@csdm.cat

Corresponding author.
, Josep Antón Capdevilaa,c, Vanessa Vicentea, Elisabet Palomerad, Jordi Juanolae, Laia Albiacha, Ainhoa Rexa, Jordi Almirallc,f
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Mataró-Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
b Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Unidad de Investigación, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
e Unidad de Neumología, Hospital de Mataró-Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
f Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Mataró-Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Demographic characteristics, pre-treatment and comorbidities as per serum protein electrophoresis gamma fraction levels.
Table 2. Levels of gamma fraction of protein electrophoresis and its correlation with prognostic markers.
Table 3. Multivariate analysis according to gamma fraction levels of protein electrophoresis (approx. 6.6g/dl).
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Abstract
Objectives

To evaluate the levels of the serum gamma globulin fraction in proteinograms as a biomarker to assess the severity, and to predict the mortality and new exacerbations in patients admitted for an exacerbation of a COPD.

Patients and methods

The VIRAE study was carried out on a cohort of patients hospitalized for an exacerbation of probable infectious origin of COPD over a period of 2 years. The levels of the serum gamma globulin fraction were analysed in the proteinogram of 120 patients. The main clinical indicators of severity were also evaluated. Key features were compared in 2 groups (gamma fraction in the proteinogram greater or less than 6.6g/dl).

Results

The levels of the serum gamma fraction in the proteinogram correlated with the FEV1 (p=0.009), the CRP (p=0.04), and the number of readmissions after 6 months of hospitalization (p=0.04). We observed a good association with the GOLD scale, the BODE index and the mMRC dyspnoea scale; and also with treatment with oral corticoids and home oxygen therapy. We did not find it to be a good predictor of mortality, despite observing increased mortality rates one year after hospital admission in patients with low levels of the factor.

Conclusions

The levels of the gamma globulin fraction in proteinograms have a good correlation with the FEV1. In addition, they are associated with a greater severity of patients with COPD. This simple biomarker may be useful in identifying high-risk patients.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Acute exacerbation
Infectious aetiology
Gamma globulins
Biomarker
Prognostic
Mortality
Resumen
Objetivos

Se pretende evaluar los niveles de la fracción de gammaglobulinas en suero como un marcador biológico para valorar la gravedad y predecir la mortalidad y nuevas agudizaciones en los pacientes ingresados por una agudización de la EPOC.

Pacientes y métodos

El estudio VIRAE es una cohorte de pacientes ingresados por una agudización de probable causa infecciosa de la EPOC en un período de 2 años. Se analizaron los niveles de la fracción de gammaglobulinas del proteinograma en 120 pacientes. Se evaluaron los principales indicadores clínicos de gravedad. Se compararon las características principales en 2 grupos (mayor o menor de 6,6g/dl de la fracción gamma del proteinograma).

Resultados

Los niveles de la fracción gamma del proteinograma se correlacionan con el valor del FEV1 (p=0,009), la PCR (p=0,04) y el número de reingresos a los 6 meses de la hospitalización (p=0,04). Se demuestra una buena asociación con la escala GOLD, el índice BODE y la escala de disnea de mMRC; y también con el tratamiento con corticoides orales y la oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. No hemos observado que sea un buen predictor de mortalidad, aun observando una mayor mortalidad al año del ingreso hospitalario en los pacientes con niveles bajos.

Conclusiones

Los niveles de la fracción de gammaglobulinas en el proteinograma tienen una buena correlación con el FEV1. Además, se asocian a una mayor gravedad de los pacientes con EPOC. Este biomarcador sencillo puede ser útil para identificar pacientes de alto riesgo.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Exacerbación aguda
Etiología infecciosa
Gammaglobulinas
Biomarcador
Pronóstico
Mortalidad

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