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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Educational intervention on cardiovascular parameters in perimenopausal women wi...
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Vol. 150. Issue 5.
Pages 178-184 (March 2018)
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Vol. 150. Issue 5.
Pages 178-184 (March 2018)
Original article
Educational intervention on cardiovascular parameters in perimenopausal women with a cardiovascular risk factor. Randomised clinical trial
Intervención educativa sobre parámetros cardiovasculares en mujeres perimenopáusicas con un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado
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Anxela Soto Rodrígueza, José Luís García Soidánb, María Jesús Arias Gómezc, Alberto del Álamo Alonsod, Raquel Leirós Rodrígueze, María Reyes Pérez Fernándeza,
Corresponding author
a Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Ourense, SERGAS, Ourense, Spain
b Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Pontevedra, Spain
c Servicio de Atención Primaria A Ponte, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Ourense, SERGAS, Ourense, Spain
d Servicio de Atención Primaria Novoa Santos, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Ourense, SERGAS, Ourense, Spain
e Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Pontevedra, Spain
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Table 1. Characteristics of the sample at the start of the study.
Table 2. Variables studied in the control and intervention groups before and after the educational intervention, and the contrast of mean differences between both groups one year after the educational intervention.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Randomised clinical trial performed in two urban health centres in Spain.

To evaluate if educational intervention in women of perimenopausal age with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia could achieve significant changes in the reduction of biochemical and haemodynamic risk parameters.

Patients and methods

The study included 320 women aged between 45 and 60 years old who were diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=160) and the control group (n=160). The intervention group received three educational sessions and the control group received an informative leaflet sent by mail. Haemodynamic and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and one year later in both groups.

Results

Women in the intervention group showed a decrease in low density lipoprotein (p=.034) (−5.89±29.8; 95% CI: −13.1/0.27) and an increase in high density lipoprotein (p=.013) (2.71±10.6; 95% CI: −1.36/6.20), as well as improvements in systolic blood pressure (p=.016) (−2.16±11.8; 95% CI: −4.4/0.01) and frequency (p=.003) (−1.46±10.3; 95% CI: −3.34/0.42) compared to women in the control group. Women in the control group significantly increased glucose (p=.04) (4.84±15.5; 95% CI: −0.75/31.3) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (p=.031), (3.61±14.7; 95% CI: 0.87/6.36) levels more than those in the experimental group.

Conclusions

An educational intervention can be an effective method of reducing the parameters associated with an increased likelihood of cardiovascular disease in women at perimenopausal age with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia.

Keywords:
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Hypercholesterolemia
Women
Health education
Menopause
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado realizado en 2 centros de salud urbanos de España.

Evaluar si una intervención educativa en mujeres en edad perimenopáusica con hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y/o dislipidemia podría conseguir cambios significativos en la reducción de parámetros bioquímicos y hemodinámicos de riesgo.

Pacientes y métodos

Participaron 320 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 45 y 60 años y diagnosticadas de hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y/o dislipidemia. Fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria a grupo experimental (n=160) y a grupo control (n=160). El grupo intervención recibió 3 sesiones educativas y el grupo control recibió un folleto informativo enviado por correo postal. Fueron evaluadas variables hemodinámicas y bioquímicas al inicio del estudio y un año después en ambos grupos.

Resultados

Las mujeres del grupo intervención mostraron, de forma significativa, una disminución de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (p=0,034) (–5,89±29,8; IC 95%: –13,1/0,27) y un aumento de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (p=0,013) (2,71±10,6; IC 95%: –1,36/6,20), así como mejoras en la presión arterial sistólica (p=0,016) (–2,16±11,8; IC 95%: –4,4/0,01) y la frecuencia cardíaca (p=0,003) (–1,46±10,3; IC 95%: –3,34/0,42) en comparación con las mujeres del grupo control. Estas últimas aumentaron significativamente los niveles de glucosa (p=0,04) (4,84±15,5; IC 95%: –0,75/31,3) y gamma-glutamiltransferasa (p=0,031) (3,61±14,7; IC 95%: 0,87/6,36) en comparación con las del grupo experimental.

Conclusiones

Una intervención educativa puede ser un método eficaz para reducir los parámetros asociados a un aumento de probabilidad de sufrir una enfermedad cardiovascular en mujeres en edad perimenopáusica con hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y/o dislipidemia.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión
Diabetes mellitus
Hipercolesterolemia
Mujeres
Educación en salud
Menopausia

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