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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome
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Vol. 157. Issue 2.
Pages 71-78 (July 2021)
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Vol. 157. Issue 2.
Pages 71-78 (July 2021)
Review
Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome
Algoritmo diagnóstico y terapéutico del síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo
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María José Luesmaa,
Corresponding author
mjluesma@unizar.es

Corresponding author.
, Inés Galéb, José Fernandoc
a Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
b Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. PNE questionnaire (pudendal nerve entrapment).
Table 2. Nantes criteria.
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Abstract

Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome is widely unknown and often misdiagnosed or confused with other pelvic floor diseases. The aim is to develop a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm based on a review of the existing literature. For its diagnosis, an anamnesis will be carried out in search of possible aetiologies, surgical history, and history of pain, assessing location and irradiation, intensity on the visual analogue scale, timing, triggering factors and rule out alarm signs. A physical examination will be performed, looking for trigger points or areas of fibrosis with transvaginal/transrectal palpation of the terminal branches of the nerve. With a doubtful diagnosis, an anaesthetic block of the pudendal nerve can be performed. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the treatment will begin staggered with lifestyle changes, drug therapy and physiotherapy. In view of the failure of these measures, invasive therapies such as botulinum toxin injection, pulsed radiofrequency and decompression surgery or spinal cord stimulation will be used.

Keywords:
Pudendal neuralgia
Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome
Chronic pelvic pain
Pudendal nerve injury
Pelvic floor dysfunction
Pudendal nerve decompression
Resumen

El síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo es poco conocido y suele confundirse con otros trastornos del suelo pélvico. Se pretende elaborar un algoritmo diagnóstico y terapéutico basado en una revisión de la bibliografía existente. Para su diagnóstico se realizará una anamnesis en busca de posibles etiologías, antecedentes quirúrgicos e historia del dolor valorando localización e irradiación, intensidad en la escala visual analógica, temporalidad, factores desencadenantes y se descartarán siempre signos de alarma. Se realizará exploración física, buscando puntos gatillo o zonas de fibrosis con palpación transvaginal/transrectal de las ramas terminales del nervio. Ante un diagnóstico dudoso se puede llevar a cabo un bloqueo anestésico del nervio pudendo. Confirmado el diagnóstico, se comenzará el tratamiento escalonadamente con cambios en el estilo de vida, terapia farmacológica y fisioterapia. Ante el fracaso de estas medidas se emplearán terapias invasivas como inyección de toxina botulínica, radiofrecuencia pulsada y cirugía de descompresión o estimulación del cono medular.

Palabras clave:
Neuralgia del nervio pudendo
Síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo
Dolor pélvico crónico
Lesión del nervio pudendo
Disfunción del suelo pélvico
Descompresión del nervio pudendo

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