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Vol. 159. Issue 8.
Pages 366-371 (October 2022)
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Vol. 159. Issue 8.
Pages 366-371 (October 2022)
Original article
Characteristics and management of patients with stroke and major hemorrhagic episodes with atrial fibrillation under vitamin K antagonist therapy. EVENTHO study
Características y abordaje de pacientes con ictus y episodios hemorrágicos mayores con fibrilación auricular en tratamiento con antagonistas de la vitamina K. Estudio EVENTHO
Olga Gavína,
Corresponding author
ogavin@hotmail.es

Corresponding author.
, Vanessa Roldánb, Pilar Llamas-Silleroc, Amparo Santamaríad, Daniel Arumíe, Susana Fernández de Caboe
a H. Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Spain
b H. General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Spain
c H. Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spain
d H. Universitarios Vinalopó y Torrevieja, Spain
e Medical Department, Pfizer, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objective

In Spain, vitamin K antagonists (VKA) remain the standard treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), despite the high risks of suffering adverse effects. The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of VKA-treated patients suffering from stroke/systemic embolism (SE) or major hemorrhagic episodes, their evolution and the actions taken after those episodes.

Materials and methods

EVENTHO was an observational multicenter study conducted in 22 Anticoagulation Spanish Units. The study included patients ≥18 years with AF who suffered major hemorrhagic episodes (67.8%) or stroke/SE (32.1%) during 2016 whileon VKA treatment [acenocoumarol (98.2%) or warfarin (1.8%)]. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) was calculated according to the Rosendaal method based on the international normalized ratio (INR) values of the previous 6 months.

Results

The study included 585 patients (median age [range] 82.3 [43.6–96.2] years; 51.1% men; mean [95% confidence interval, CI] CHA2DS2-VASc: 4.3 [4.2–4.4] and HAS-BLED: 2.2 [2.1–2.3]). Poor anticoagulation and VKA maintenance were higher in patients with major hemorrhagic episode (p<0.0001). The most common situations after hospital discharge were: functional dependence, neurological sequelae and death.

Conclusions

In the sample studied, half of the AF patients who suffered stroke/SE or major hemorrhagic episode had inadequate TTR and, despite this, after hospital discharge, they restarted treatment with VKA. These results highlight the need to evaluate safer and effective therapeutic alternatives in AF patients with poor TTR control after suffering a stroke/SE or major hemorrhagic episode.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillation
Vitamin K antagonist
Oral anticoagulation
Hospital discharge
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

En España, los antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) siguen siendo el tratamiento estándar para la prevención de las complicaciones tromboembólicas y hemorrágicas en pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA), a pesar del alto riesgo de presentar efectos adversos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el perfil de los pacientes tratados con AVK que experimentaron un ictus/embolia sistémica o hemorragia mayor, su evolución y las acciones realizadas tras esos episodios.

Materiales y métodos

EVENTHO fue un estudio multicéntrico observacional realizado en 22 unidades españolas de anticoagulación. Se incluyó en el estudio a pacientes18 años con FA que habían tenido hemorragia mayor (67,8%) o ictus/embolia sistémica (32,1%) durante 2016 y estaban en tratamiento con AVK (acenocumarol [98,2%] o warfarina [1,8%]). El tiempo en rango terapéutico (TRT) se calculó según el método de Rosendaal basado en los valores del índice internacional normalizado de los 6 meses previos.

Resultados

El estudio incluyó a 585 pacientes (edad mediana 82,3 [rango 43,6-96,2] años; 51,1% hombres; CHA2DS2-VASc medio 4,3 [IC 95% 4,2-4,4] y HAS-BLED medio 2,2 [IC 95% 2,1-2,3]). La mala anticoagulación y el mantenimiento de los AVK fueron mayores en los pacientes con hemorragia mayor (p<0,0001). Las situaciones más frecuentes tras el alta hospitalaria fueron: dependencia funcional, secuelas neurológicas y muerte.

Conclusiones

En la muestra estudiada, la mitad de los pacientes con FA que tuvieron ictus/embolia sistémica o hemorragia mayor presentaban un TRT inadecuado y, a pesar de ello, tras el alta hospitalaria, reiniciaron el tratamiento con AVK. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de evaluar alternativas terapéuticas más seguras y eficaces en pacientes con FA con mal control del TRT tras sufrir un ictus/embolia sistémica o hemorragia mayor.

Palabras clave:
Fibrilación auricular
Antagonista de la vitamina K
Anticoagulación oral
Alta hospitalaria

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