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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Brain hypometabolism and cognitive impairment in long COVID: Insights from [18F]...
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Vol. 165. Issue 5.
(November 2025)
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Vol. 165. Issue 5.
(November 2025)
Brief report
Brain hypometabolism and cognitive impairment in long COVID: Insights from [18F]FDG-PET-CT imaging and neurocognitive assessment
Hipometabolismo cerebral y deterioro cognitivo en el long COVID: hallazgos en [18F]FDG-PET-CT y evaluaciones neurocognitivas
Manuel De Miguel-Escribano
Corresponding author
mdemiguelescribano@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Isabel Martín-Garrido, Manuel Garrido-Montes, Roberto Pertusa-Mataix, Jorge Corchero-Gijón, José Salvador García Morillo
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Minoritarias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Despite the progressive socioeconomic and healthcare recovery following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, its sequelae remain markedly evident today. Among them, Long COVID significantly impairs patient functionality and quality of life. Neurocognitive impairment stands out as one of its most debilitating manifestations.

Patients and methods

We assessed 16 patients diagnosed with Long COVID and neurocognitive dysfunction, quantifying the degree of impairment using cognitive evaluation tests and comparing these results with findings from prior [18F]FDG-PET-CT brain scans.

Results

The mean cognitive test scores demonstrated significant impairment. Patients predominantly exhibited mild hypometabolism across various regions, with the cerebellum identified as the most frequently affected area. Those with more pronounced [18F]FDG-PET-CT abnormalities exhibited greater cognitive deficits. Greater hypometabolism and thalamic involvement were associated with lower cognitive assessment score.

Conclusion

We support the role of cerebral hypometabolism in the development of neurocognitive impairment associated with Long COVID, although its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We further endorse the potential link between cerebellar hypometabolism and cognitive decline. Greater severity in brain [18F]FDG-PET-CT abnormalities and thalamic dysfunction may correlate worse cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2
Long COVID
PET-CT
Cognitive impairment
Resumen
Introducción

A pesar de la progresiva recuperación socioeconómica y sanitaria tras la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, sus secuelas permanecen con notoriedad hoy en día. Entre ellas, el long COVID supone un deterioro significativo de la funcionalidad y calidad de vida. La afectación neurocognitiva se postula como una de sus manifestaciones más incapacitantes.

Pacientes y métodos

Evaluamos 16 pacientes con long COVID y afectación neurocognitiva, cuantificando el grado de deterioro mediante test cognitivos y comparando los resultados con hallazgos en [18F]FDG-PET-TC cerebrales previamente realizados.

Resultados

La puntuación media de los test cognitivos mostró un deterioro manifiesto. Los pacientes presentaron generalmente hipometabolismo leve de diferentes regiones, siendo el cerebelo el área más frecuentemente afectada. Un grado de afectación más severo en el [18F]FDG-PET-TC y la afectación talámica se asociaron con menores puntuaciones cognitivas.

Conclusión

Apoyamos el papel del hipometabolismo cerebral en el desarrollo de la afectación neurocognitiva en el long COVID, cuyos mecanismos fisiopatológicos están aún por esclarecer. Respaldamos la posible relación entre el hipometabolismo cerebeloso y el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo. Una mayor afectación en el [18F]FDG-PET-CT y la disfunción talámica podrían correlacionarse con un fenotipo más severo.

Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2
Long COVID
PET-CT
Deterioro cognitivo

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