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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Association between hypogonadism and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary d...
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Vol. 164. Issue 3.
Pages 109-116 (February 2025)
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Vol. 164. Issue 3.
Pages 109-116 (February 2025)
Original article
Association between hypogonadism and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study
Asociación entre el hipogonadismo y la gravedad de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: un estudio de corte transversal
Horacio Matias Castroa,
Corresponding author
, Joaquin Maritano Furcadaa, Eduardo Luis De Vitob, Sebastian Matias Suarezc, Pablo Knoblovitsc, Pablo Rene Costanzoc
a Pulmonology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Ph.D. Institute of Medical Research Alfredo Lanari, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
c Andrology Section, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Clinical characteristics and hormone levels of men with stable COPD according to COPD severity assessed by the GesEPOC 2022 risk classification.
Tables
Table 2. Multivariate analysis for the association between COPD severity measured by GesEPOC 2022 risk classification and hypogonadism in men with stable COPD.
Tables
Table 3. Bivariate analysis of factors associated with hypogonadism in men with stable COPD.
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Table 4. Clinical and pulmonary function test characteristics according to the presence or absence of hypogonadism in men with stable COPD.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists with other comorbidities, including hypogonadism. However, the association between COPD severity and hypogonadism remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate this association and compare the clinical characteristics of hypogonadal and eugonadal COPD patients.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study including men with stable COPD was performed. Hypogonadism was diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms, according to the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire, and a total testosterone deficit (<300ng/dL). COPD severity was classified according to the Spanish COPD guideline risk classification. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relationship between COPD severity and hypogonadism.

Results

134 subjects were recruited. The prevalence of hypogonadism was higher in severe COPD than in mild COPD, with a prevalence ratio of 1.8 (p=0.007). An increased odds of hypogonadism was observed in severe COPD subjects (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.23–5.48, p=0.012) independent of age, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, and chronic renal failure. Hypogonadal COPD patients exhibited lower percentage levels of FVC and FEV1 and a higher degree of dyspnea than compared to eugonadal COPD patients.

Conclusion

Patients with severe COPD had a higher prevalence of hypogonadism compared to those with mild COPD. Additionally, severe COPD was identified as an independent risk factor for hypogonadism. These findings suggest that hypogonadism should be evaluated in patients with COPD, particularly in those with severe disease.

Keywords:
Hypogonadism
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Testosterone
Hormones
Disease severity index
Comorbidity
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) coexiste frecuentemente con otras comorbilidades, incluido el hipogonadismo. Sin embargo, la asociación entre la gravedad de la EPOC y el hipogonadismo sigue siendo controvertida. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar esta asociación y comparar las características de los pacientes con EPOC hipogonádicos y eugonádicos.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó hombres con EPOC estable. El diagnóstico de hipogonadismo se basó en la presencia de síntomas, según el cuestionario Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males, y un déficit de testosterona total (<300ng/dL). La gravedad de la EPOC se clasificó según la clasificación de riesgo de la guía española de EPOC. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariado para evaluar la relación entre la gravedad de la EPOC y el hipogonadismo.

Resultados

Se reclutaron 134 sujetos, encontrando una mayor prevalencia de hipogonadismo en EPOC grave en comparación con EPOC leve, con una razón de prevalencia de 1,8 (p=0,007). Se observó un aumento del odds de hipogonadismo en pacientes con EPOC grave (OR 2,60 IC 95%: 1,23-5,48, p=0,012) independientemente de la edad, el índice de masa corporal, la enfermedad cardiovascular y la insuficiencia renal crónica. Los pacientes con EPOC hipogonádicos mostraron menores valores de FVC y FEV1 y un mayor grado de disnea que los pacientes con EPOC eugonádicos.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con EPOC grave tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de hipogonadismo en comparación con los EPOC leve. La EPOC grave se identificó como un factor de riesgo independiente de hipogonadismo. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el hipogonadismo debe evaluarse en pacientes con EPOC, particularmente en aquellos con enfermedad grave.

Palabras clave:
Hipogonadismo
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Testosterona
Hormonas
Índice de gravedad de la enfermedad
Comorbilidad

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