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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
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Vol. 161. Issue 6.
Pages 251-259 (September 2023)
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Vol. 161. Issue 6.
Pages 251-259 (September 2023)
Review
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Estomatitis aftosa recurrente
Raquel Conejero del Mazoa,
Corresponding author
raquel_conejero@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laura García Forcénb, María Elena Navarro Aguilarc
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
b Centro de Salud Ejea de los Caballeros, Ejea de los Caballeros, Zaragoza, Spain
c Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Clinical classification.
Table 2. Causes of acute and chronic oral ulcers.
Table 3. Main entities for the differential diagnosis of diseases with recurrent ulcers.
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Additional material (2)
Abstract

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common clinical disease of the oral mucosa. Its prevalence in the general population varies between 5 and 25%, with its peak appearance in the second decade of life. So far, the etiopathogenesis is not clear. In genetically predisposed patients, the effect of certain triggering factors would initiate the proinflammatory cytokine cascade directed against certain regions of the oral mucosa. Ulcers are round or oval with well-defined erythematous margins and a shallow ulcerated center covered with a gray or yellowish fibrinous pseudomembrane. The ulcers may reappear at intervals of a few days and months. Given the appearance of periodic thrush in the oral mucosa, the first thing to do is to make a correct differential diagnosis, rule out associated systemic diseases and assess treatable causes before reaching the diagnosis of RAS. At present, there is no curative treatment.

Keywords:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Resumen

La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (EAR) es la enfermedad clínica más frecuente de la mucosa oral. Su prevalencia en la población general varía entre el 5 y el 25%, siendo su pico de aparición en la segunda década de la vida. Hasta el momento, la etiopatogenia no está aclarada. En pacientes genéticamente predispuestos, el efecto de ciertos factores desencadenantes iniciaría la cascada de citocinas proinflamatorias dirigidas contra determinadas regiones de la mucosa oral. Las úlceras son redondas u ovaladas con márgenes eritematosos bien definidos y centro poco profundo ulcerado cubierto con una pseudomembrana fibrinosa de color gris o amarillento. Pueden reaparecer a intervalos de pocos días y meses. Ante la aparición de aftas periódicas en la mucosa bucal, lo primero será realizar con correcto diagnóstico diferencial, descartar enfermedades sistémicas asociadas y valorar causas tratables antes de llegar al diagnóstico de EAR. En el momento actual no existe tratamiento curativo.

Palabras clave:
Estomatitis aftosa recurrente
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento

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