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Vol. 147. Issue 8.
Pages 340-344 (October 2016)
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Vol. 147. Issue 8.
Pages 340-344 (October 2016)
Original article
Prognostic value of prior heart failure in patients admitted with acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Valor pronóstico del antecedente de insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes ingresados con tromboembolia pulmonar
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Patricia Lozano-Cruza,
Corresponding author
patrimed@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, David Vivasb, Alexis Rojasa, Rebeca Fonta, Feliciano Román-Garcíaa, Benjamín Muñoza
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Univariate analysis of demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables during hospital stay of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism, depending on heart failure history.
Table 2. Adverse episodes during hospitalization in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism according to heart failure history.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a very common condition with high mortality. Although some scales include heart failure (HF) as a risk factor of PTE, none of them have assessed the contribution of the different kinds of HF, i.e. with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to the in-hospital outcome of patients admitted with PTE.

Patients and method

A retrospective study assessing a cohort of patients consecutively admitted to hospital with a PTE from 2012 to 2014. Baseline epidemiological characteristics, treatment during admission and prognostic variables during hospitalization were analyzed. Primary endpoint was defined as hospital mortality for any cause.

Results

A total of 442 patients with PTE were included (88 with prior HF). Patients with a history of HF were older, more frequently had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney or pulmonary disease, cancer, and coronary artery disease, and showed less LVEF (p<.001). Hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with prior HF (21.6 vs. 6.8%, p<.001). Multivariate analysis found that HF with reduced LVEF but not HF with preserved LVEF resulted as an independent risk factor (respectively OR 5.54; 95% CI 2.12–14.51 and OR 129; 95% CI 0.72–4.44).

Conclusions

Patients with prior HF admitted to hospital with PTE should be considered a high-risk population, since they present high in-hospital mortality. In our cohort, patients with prior HF and reduced LVEF presented a poorer prognosis than those with preserved LVEF.

Keywords:
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Cardiac failure
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Prognosis
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una entidad frecuente con una elevada morbimortalidad. Aunque algunas escalas consideran la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) como factor de riesgo de TEP, ninguna ha analizado la contribución del tipo de IC, con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) reducida y preservada, al pronóstico intrahospitalario de los pacientes ingresados con un episodio de TEP.

Pacientes y método

Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes hospitalizados por TEP de manera consecutiva durante el período comprendido entre 2012-2014. Se analizaron las características epidemiológicas basales, el tratamiento durante su ingreso, así como variables pronósticas durante su estancia hospitalaria. Se definió como objetivo primario la mortalidad intrahospitalaria por cualquier causa.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 442 pacientes con TEP (88 con historia de IC). Los pacientes con antecedente de IC resultaron ser mayores, con mayor porcentaje de hipertensos y diabéticos, mayor presencia de enfermedad renal crónica, pulmonar u oncológica y cardiopatía isquémica, y con menor FEVI (p<0,001). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con historia previa de IC (21,6 frente a 6,8%, p<0,001). En el análisis multivariante, únicamente la IC con FEVI reducida se mostró como factor de riesgo independiente (OR 5,54; IC 95% 2,12-14,51), no así la IC con FEVI preservada (OR 1,29; IC 95% 0,72-4,44).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con antecedentes de IC ingresados con un TEP deben ser considerados como una población de alto riesgo, presentando una elevada morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria. Dentro de este grupo, son aquellos con IC y FEVI reducida los que presentan un peor pronóstico.

Palabras clave:
Tromboembolismo pulmonar
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo
Pronóstico

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