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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) GLP-1 agonists in glycemic and weight control of type 2 diabetes. New perspectiv...
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Vol. 165. Issue 3.
(September 2025)
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GLP-1 agonists in glycemic and weight control of type 2 diabetes. New perspectives
Agonistas de GLP-1 en el control glucémico y ponderal de la diabetes tipo 2. Nuevas perspectivas
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Silvia Patricia Alonsoa, Sergio Valdesb,c,
Corresponding author
sergio.valdes@hotmail.es

Corresponding author.
, Viyey Kishore Doulatram-Gamgaramb,c
a Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
c Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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Table 1. Improvement of glycaemic control based on HbA1c reduction and analysis of GLP-1 receptor agonist-associated weight loss by study.
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Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are interrelated global problems affecting 988 and 537 million people, respectively, figures that are continuously increasing. Obesity is a key factor in DM2, as it intensifies insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, accelerating disease progression. Weight loss improves glycemic control, reduces the occurrence of comorbidities and, in some cases, induces diabetes remission. In this regard, GLP-1 receptor agonists have revolutionized the treatment of DM2. Since the introduction of exenatide in 2005, more effective drugs have been developed that improve glycemic control, reduce weight, and decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This article discusses the mechanisms of action and efficacy of these agents, highlighting recent advances such as polyagonists and oral formulations.

Keywords:
GLP-1
Type 2 diabetes and obesity
Resumen

La obesidad y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) son problemas globales interrelacionados que afectan a 988 y 537 millones de personas, respectivamente, cifras en continuo aumento. La obesidad es un factor clave en la DM2, ya que intensifica la resistencia a la insulina y la disfunción de las células β, acelerando la progresión de la enfermedad. La pérdida de peso mejora el control glucémico, reduce la aparición de comorbilidades y, en algunos casos, induce la remisión de la diabetes. En este sentido, los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 han revolucionado el tratamiento de la DM2. Desde la introducción de exenatida en 2005, se han desarrollado medicamentos más eficaces que mejoran el control glucémico, reducen el peso y disminuyen la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares. Este artículo analiza los mecanismos de acción y eficacia de estos agentes, destacando avances recientes como los poliagonistas y formulaciones orales.

Palabras clave:
GLP-1
Diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad

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