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Original article
Prevalence of the potential drug–drug interactions between pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals and the concomitant medications associated with patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Spain
Prevalencia de las potenciales interacciones medicamentosas entre los antivirales de acción directa pangenotípicos y la medicación concomitante asociada a los pacientes con infección del virus de la hepatitis C crónica en España
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Antoni Sicras Mainara,
Corresponding author
antoni.sicras@rlifedata.com

Corresponding author.
, Ruth Navarro Artiedab, Ignacio Hernándeza, Ramón Morilloc
a Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Real Life Data, Madrid, Spain
b Documentación Médica, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
c Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital de Valme, AGS Sur de Sevilla, Spain
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Received 29 September 2018. Accepted 29 March 2019
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Table 1. Baseline characteristics and comorbidity of the series studied by age range.
Table 2. Concomitant medication administered during the follow-up period by age range.
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Abstract
Objective

To determine the comorbidity and potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs) among pangenotypic direct-acting-antivirals (pDAAs) and the concomitant medications associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in routine clinical practice in Spain.

Methods

Retrospective observational study. Included patients were ≥18 years, diagnosed with CHC, on antiviral treatment and required medical attention during 2017. Two groups were differentiated according to age ranges (<50 and ≥50 years). The variables collected were: age, gender, general/specific comorbidity, concomitant medication and potential DDIs (www.hep-druginteractions.org). The pDAAs analysed were: a) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), b) Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and c) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX). Bivariate statistical analysis, p < 0.05.

Results

3430 patients with a mean age of 56.9 years and 60.3% males were enrolled. The average Charlson index was 0.8. Age range distribution: 18–49 years (28.9%) and ≥50 years (71.1%). The average number of medications per patient/year was 3.1 (SD 2.6). The total percentage of potential DDIs was: 8.6% minor DDIs, 40.5% clinically significant DDIs and 10.0% contraindicated medication. These DDIs were greater in patients ≥50 years (8.6%, 43.8% and 12.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). For all ages, SOF/VEL showed a lower percentage of: minor interactions (1.3% vs. 6.6% and 5.9%, p < 0.001); clinically significant interactions (53.4%, vs. 77.4% and 66.3%, p < 0.001) and contraindicated medication (1.7% vs. 8.3% and 10.7%, p < 0.001) compared to GLE/PIB and SOF/VEL/VOX, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with CHC present high comorbidity and concomitant medication use, particularly elderly patients, thus implying a greater exposure to potential DDIs. Although the DDI rate was considerable with the three combinations analysed, SOF/VEL showed a lower number of clinically significant interactions.

Keywords:
Chronic hepatitis C
Comorbidity
Medication
Drug–drug interactions
Pangenotypic direct acting antivirals
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la comorbilidad y las potenciales interacciones-farmacológicas (IFs) entre los antivirales de acción-directa pangenotípicos (AADp) y la medicación-concomitante asociada a los pacientes con hepatitis C crónica (HCC) en práctica clínica habitual en España.

Métodos

Diseño observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥18 años con diagnóstico de HCC, en tratamiento antiviral y visitados durante el año 2017. Se diferenciaron dos grupos en función de la edad (<50 y ≥50 años). Las variables recogidas fueron: edad, género, comorbilidad general/específica, medicación-concomitante y potenciales IFs [www.hep-druginteractions.org]. Los AADp analizados fueron: a) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), b) Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) y c) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX). Análisis-estadístico bivariante, p < 0,05.

Resultados

Se reclutaron 3.430 pacientes, edad-media de 56,9 años y el 60,3% varones. El promedio del índice Charlson fue 0,8 puntos. Distribución por rangos de edad: 18–49 (28,9%) y ≥50 años (71,1%). El promedio de medicamentos fue: 3,1 (DE: 2,6) por paciente. El porcentaje total de potenciales IFs fue: 8,6% débil, 40,5% clínicamente significativas y 10,0% medicación contraindicada. Estas interacciones fueron mayores en los pacientes ≥50 años (8,6%; 43,8% y 12,4%, respectivamente, p < 0,001). Para todas las edades, SOF/VEL en comparación con GLE/PIB y SOF/VEL/VOX presentó un menor porcentaje de interacciones-débiles (1,3% vs. 6,6% y 5,9%, p < 0,001); interacciones clínicamente-significativas (53,4%, vs. 77,4% y 66,3%, p < 0,001) y medicación-contraindicada (1,7% vs. 8,3% y 10,7%, p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

Los sujetos con HCC presentan una elevada comorbilidad y consumo de medicación concomitante, especialmente en pacientes mayores, circunstancia que repercute en una mayor exposición a potenciales IFs. Aunque la tasa de IFs fue considerable con las 3 combinaciones analizadas, SOF/VEL mostró una menor proporción clínicamente relevante.

Palabras clave:
Hepatitis crónica C
Comorbilidad
Medicación
Interacciones medicamentosas
Antivirales de acción directa pangenotípicos

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