Measuring referentiality in psychiatric disorders: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Ideas of Reference and Interview Scale (IRIS-S)

Argila-Plaza, Isabel; Aquino-Servín, Ana; García-León, María Ángeles; Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola; Ramiro, Núria; Salgado-Pineda, Pilar; Soler-Vidal, Joan; Torres, María Llanos; Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia; Sánchez, Manel; Sarró, Salvador; Salvador, Raymond; McKenna, Peter J; Barajas, Ana; Pomarol-Clotet, Edith

doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100329

ISSN: 0213-6163

The European Journal of Psychiatry is a quarterly publication founded in 1986 and directed by Professor A. Seva until his death in 2004. The journal is indexed in different bibliographic data bases, including the Social Sciences Citation Index. It is supported by the Spanish Society of Psychiatry and Mental Health, has been open to contributions from all over the world, and also has North American and Asian-Pacific co- editors.

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The overriding criteria for publication are originality, a high scientific quality and interest to a wide audience of those concerned with all aspects of mental illness. The scope is broad and the journal is committed to present new developments in the full spectrum of issues related to psychiatry and mental health, in areas linked to biological, psychological and social sciences. It will include basic studies and the growing application of clinical laboratory techniques in psychiatry. The European Journal of Psychiatry is determined to place particular emphasis on clinical issues related to a personalised medicine, including prevention and early intervention. All original papers will be refereed by independent experts in the field. Review articles and monographs designed to bring the reader up to date with research in the area will be a feature of the journal. There is a Book Review section and correspondence to the editor will be considered for publication.

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Isabel Argila-Plazaa, Ana Aquino-Servína, María Ángeles García-Leónc, Paola Fuentes-Claramontea,b, Núria Ramiroa,d, Pilar Salgado-Pinedaa,b, Joan Soler-Vidala,b,e, María Llanos Torrese, Amalia Guerrero-Pedrazaa,d, Manel Sáncheza,b,f,g, Salvador Sarróa,b, Raymond Salvadora,b, Peter J McKennaa,b, Ana Barajash, Edith Pomarol-Cloteta,b,

Corresponding author

epomarol-clotet@fidmag.org

Corresponding author at: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, C/Antoni Pujades 38, 08830, Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain.

a FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain

b CIBERSAM ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain

c Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

d Fundació Hospitalàries Sant Boi, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

e Fundació Hospitalàries Barcelona Nord, Barcelona, Spain

f Fundació Hospitalàries Martorell, Martorell, Barcelona, Spain

g Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

h Department de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

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Statistics

Tables (6)

Table 1. Descriptive, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 185).

Table 2. Score distribution on IRIS-S.

Table 3. Prevalence of individual themes in patients experiencing referential ideation (endorsement of presence score of 1).

Table 4. Correlations between the three dimensions of the IRIS-S (N = 180).

Table 5. Convergent validity of the IRIS-S (N = 180).

Table 6. Divergent validity of the IRIS-S (N = 180).

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Abstract

Background and objectives

Referentiality is a common symptom in psychotic and also some non-psychotic disorders, but there are few existing measures for assessing it. A recently developed detailed measure for this purpose is the Ideas of Reference Interview Scale (IRIS), which however has only been validated in a Chinese population of first episode psychosis patients.

Methods

We examined the reliability and validity of a Spanish version of the IRIS (IRIS-S) in 185 patients aged between 18 and 65 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Results

The IRIS-S showed internal consistency, with this being good or acceptable for the presence scale and its three subsidiary measures. Inter-rater reliability was good and test-retest reliability was also good, except for one subsidiary measure. Convergent reliability was demonstrated but was lower than expected.

Conclusion

The IRIS-S has acceptable psychometric properties when employed in patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Caution is necessary for its use outside psychotic disorders as it has not been examined in such populations.

Keywords:

Ideas of reference

Psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia

Schizoaffective disorder

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